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A function \(f\) is given. (a) Use a graphing calculator to draw the graph of \(f .\) (b) Find the domain and range of \(f .\) (c) State approximately the intervals on which \(f\) is increasing and on which \(f\) is decreasing. $$f(x)=4-x^{2 / 3}$$

Short Answer

Expert verified
Domain: \((-\infty, \infty)\). Range: \((-\infty, 4]\). Increasing on \((-\infty, 0)\); Decreasing on \((0, \infty)\).

Step by step solution

01

Graph the Function

Using a graphing calculator, plot the function \( f(x) = 4 - x^{2/3} \). Adjust the viewing window to capture the key features of the graph, ensuring you can see how the function behaves as \( x \) approaches very large and very small values.
02

Determine the Domain

Analyze the function \( f(x) = 4 - x^{2/3} \). The expression \( x^{2/3} \) is defined for all real numbers, so the domain of \( f \) is all real numbers. Therefore, the domain is \( (-\infty, \infty) \).
03

Determine the Range

By observing the graph, you will notice that the smallest value of \( f(x) \) occurs at very large positive or negative \( x \), approaching a minimum value. Since as \( x \to \pm\infty \), \( 4 - x^{2/3} \to -\infty \), the range of the graph spans from negative infinity to the maximum value when \( x = 0 \), which is 4. Hence, the range is \( (-\infty, 4] \).
04

Locate Intervals of Increase and Decrease

Examine the graph to determine where \( f \) is increasing or decreasing. The function \( f(x) = 4 - x^{2/3} \) increases when \( x < 0 \) because \( -x^{2/3} \) increases. For \( x > 0 \), the function is decreasing as \( -x^{2/3} \) decreases. Therefore, \( f \) is increasing on \( (-\infty, 0) \) and decreasing on \((0, \infty)\).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Domain and Range
The domain and range are fundamental attributes of a function that provide crucial information about the set of inputs and possible outputs. When considering the function \( f(x) = 4 - x^{2/3} \), the domain refers to all possible values of \( x \) for which the function is defined.

For \( f(x) \), any real number can be substituted for \( x \) because the expression \( x^{2/3} \) is defined for every real number. Hence, the domain of this function is all real numbers, written as \((-\infty, \infty)\).

The range of the function, on the other hand, refers to all possible output values. By graphing this function, you observe that as \( x \) approaches very large positive or negative values, the function heads towards negative infinity. The highest point on the graph occurs when \( x = 0 \), giving \( f(0) = 4 \). Therefore, the range is \((-\infty, 4]\), indicating that the function outputs can go as low as negative infinity and as high as 4.
Intervals of Increase and Decrease
Identifying intervals where a function increases or decreases is vital for understanding its behavior. These intervals represent the x-values over which the function either climbs upwards or dips downwards.

For the function \( f(x) = 4 - x^{2/3} \), it's helpful to observe the graph to identify these intervals. You notice that when \( x < 0 \), the graph shows an upward trend for \( f(x) \), which means the function is increasing. This occurs due to the negative exponent effect, which results in an increasing trend. Thus, the interval of increase is \((-\infty, 0)\).

Conversely, when \( x > 0 \), the graph declines, indicating that \( f(x) \) is decreasing. This downward movement happens because the term \(-x^{2/3}\) adds a subtractive effect as \( x \) gets larger. Hence, the interval of decrease is \((0, \infty)\). Understanding these intervals enables you to sketch or predict the function's behavior over various domains.
Graphing Calculator Usage
Graphing calculators are powerful tools that help visualize mathematical functions and enhance understanding of their properties. To graph the function \( f(x) = 4 - x^{2/3} \), it's important to input the function correctly into the calculator and set an appropriate window to capture its behavior.

Begin by entering the function precisely as it is, ensuring that any operations follow the order of mathematics properly, especially with fractions and exponents. Adjust the viewing window to inspect how the function behaves for large positive and negative \( x \) values. This helps capture the full scope of the graph, from the peaks to the troughs.
  • Set the y-axis to range from slightly below the lowest anticipated function value to slightly above the highest
  • Set the x-axis to cover enough negative and positive values to observe the full trend
Using a graphing calculator can simplify the process of understanding complex functions by visually displaying properties like asymptotes, intercepts, and changes in direction.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A print shop makes bumper stickers for election campaigns. If \(x\) stickers are ordered (where \(x<10,000\) ), the price per bumper sticker is \(0.15-0.000002 x\) dollars, and the total cost of producing the order is \(0.095 x-0.0000005 x^{2}\) dollars. Use the fact that $$\text {profit \(=\) revenue \(-\) cost}$$ to express \(P(x),\) the profit on an order of \(x\) stickers, as a difference of two functions of \(x .\)

A family of functions is given. In parts (a) and (b) graph all the given members of the family in the viewing rectangle indicated. In part (c) state the conclusions that you can make from your graphs. \(f(x)=(x-c)^{2}\) (a) \(c=0,1,2,3 ;[-5,5]\) by \([-10,10]\) (b) \(c=0,-1,-2,-3 ;[-5,5]\) by \([-10,10]\) (c) How does the value of \(c\) affect the graph?

DISCUSS DISCOVER: Minimizing a Distance When we seek a minimum or maximum value of a function, it is sometimes easier to work with a simpler function instead. (a) Suppose $$g(x)=\sqrt{f(x)}$$ where \(f(x) \geq 0\) for all \(x .\) Explain why the local minima and maxima of \(f\) and \(g\) occur at the same values of \(x .\) (b) Let \(g(x)\) be the distance between the point \((3,0)\) and the point \(\left(x, x^{2}\right)\) on the graph of the parabola \(y=x^{2}\) Express \(g\) as a function of \(x\) (c) Find the minimum value of the function \(g\) that you found in part (b). Use the principle described in part (a) to simplify your work.

A family of functions is given. In parts (a) and (b) graph all the given members of the family in the viewing rectangle indicated. In part (c) state the conclusions that you can make from your graphs. \(f(x)=x^{2}+c\) (a) \(c=0,2,4,6 ; \quad[-5,5]\) by \([-10,10]\) (b) \(c=0,-2,-4,-6 ;[-5,5]\) by \([-10,10]\) (c) How does the value of \(c\) affect the graph?

Sketch a graph of the piecewise defined function. $$f(x)=\left\\{\begin{array}{ll} 0 & \text { if } x<2 \\ 1 & \text { if } x \geq 2 \end{array}\right.$$

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