Chapter 6: Problem 46
Find the values of the trigonometric functions of \(\theta\) from the information given. $$\cos \theta=-\frac{7}{12}, \quad \theta \text { in Quadrant III }$$
Short Answer
Expert verified
\(\sin \theta = -\frac{\sqrt{95}}{12}, \tan \theta = \frac{\sqrt{95}}{7}\)
Step by step solution
01
Understanding the Given Information
We are given the value of \( \cos \theta = -\frac{7}{12} \) and that \( \theta \) is in Quadrant III. In Quadrant III, both sine and cosine are negative, while tangent is positive. We need to find the values of \( \sin \theta \), \( \tan \theta \), and other trigonometric functions.
02
Using the Pythagorean Identity
The Pythagorean identity states that \( \sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta = 1 \). We know \( \cos \theta = -\frac{7}{12} \), so we substitute this into the identity to find \( \sin \theta \).\[ \sin^2 \theta + \left(-\frac{7}{12}\right)^2 = 1 \]\[ \sin^2 \theta + \frac{49}{144} = 1 \]\[ \sin^2 \theta = 1 - \frac{49}{144} \]\[ \sin^2 \theta = \frac{95}{144} \]\[ \sin \theta = -\sqrt{\frac{95}{144}} \]\[ \sin \theta = -\frac{\sqrt{95}}{12} \]We take the negative square root because sine is negative in Quadrant III.
03
Finding Tangent using Sine and Cosine
Use the relationship \( \tan \theta = \frac{\sin \theta}{\cos \theta} \) to find \( \tan \theta \).\[ \tan \theta = \frac{-\frac{\sqrt{95}}{12}}{-\frac{7}{12}} \]\[ \tan \theta = \frac{\sqrt{95}}{7} \]Tangent is positive in Quadrant III, which matches our result.
04
Calculating Other Trigonometric Functions
We can now find the remaining trigonometric functions. We already have \( \cos \theta = -\frac{7}{12} \), \( \sin \theta = -\frac{\sqrt{95}}{12} \), and \( \tan \theta = \frac{\sqrt{95}}{7} \).Calculate the reciprocals:- \( \csc \theta = \frac{1}{\sin \theta} = -\frac{12}{\sqrt{95}} = -\frac{12\sqrt{95}}{95} \)- \( \sec \theta = \frac{1}{\cos \theta} = -\frac{12}{7} \)- \( \cot \theta = \frac{1}{\tan \theta} = \frac{7}{\sqrt{95}} = \frac{7\sqrt{95}}{95} \)
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Pythagorean Identity
The Pythagorean Identity is a fundamental concept in trigonometry that connects the squares of the sine and cosine of an angle. It is an equation that states:
By rearranging and solving this equation, you can find one trigonometric function if the other is known, along with the quadrant information to determine the sign.
In our problem, we knew \( \cos\theta = -\frac{7}{12} \). Using the Pythagorean Identity:
- \( \sin^2\theta + \cos^2\theta = 1 \)
By rearranging and solving this equation, you can find one trigonometric function if the other is known, along with the quadrant information to determine the sign.
In our problem, we knew \( \cos\theta = -\frac{7}{12} \). Using the Pythagorean Identity:
- \( \sin^2\theta = 1 - \left(-\frac{7}{12}\right)^2 = \frac{95}{144} \)
- \( \sin\theta = -\frac{\sqrt{95}}{12} \)
Sine and Cosine Relationship
Sine and cosine are the primary trigonometric functions that describe the relationship between the sides of a right triangle and its angles. They are also fundamental in describing the movement on a unit circle.
The relationship between sine and cosine is most elegantly captured by the Pythagorean Identity discussed earlier. However, to find other functions like tangent, we utilize another relationship:
In our example, after finding \( \sin\theta = -\frac{\sqrt{95}}{12} \) and given \( \cos\theta = -\frac{7}{12} \), we find:
The relationship between sine and cosine is most elegantly captured by the Pythagorean Identity discussed earlier. However, to find other functions like tangent, we utilize another relationship:
- \( \tan\theta = \frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta} \)
In our example, after finding \( \sin\theta = -\frac{\sqrt{95}}{12} \) and given \( \cos\theta = -\frac{7}{12} \), we find:
- \( \tan\theta = \frac{-\frac{\sqrt{95}}{12}}{-\frac{7}{12}} = \frac{\sqrt{95}}{7} \)
Quadrant III Trigonometry
Understanding the quadrant in which an angle resides is crucial for determining the signs of trigonometric functions. In trigonometry, a circle is divided into four quadrants based on the x and y axes.
Quadrant III is the bottom left section of this circle:
For tangent, \( \tan\theta = \frac{\sqrt{95}}{7} \), verifying positivity, which fits the characteristic of Quadrant III. 协褌芯褌 邪薪邪谢懈蟹 褌邪泻卸械 芯斜谢械谐褔邪械褌 褉邪褋褔械褌 芯斜褉邪褌薪褘褏 褎褍薪泻褑懈泄, 褌邪泻懈褏 泻邪泻 泻邪褋邪褌械谢褜薪邪褟, 褋械泻邪薪褋 懈 泻芯-褋械泻邪薪褋, 薪邪 芯褋薪芯胁械 懈褏 芯褋薪芯胁薪褘褏 褎褍薪泻褑懈泄.
Quadrant III is the bottom left section of this circle:
- Here, cosine and sine values are both negative because the x and y coordinates in this quadrant are negative.
- However, tangent, being the division of sine by cosine, becomes positive since a negative divided by a negative is a positive.
For tangent, \( \tan\theta = \frac{\sqrt{95}}{7} \), verifying positivity, which fits the characteristic of Quadrant III. 协褌芯褌 邪薪邪谢懈蟹 褌邪泻卸械 芯斜谢械谐褔邪械褌 褉邪褋褔械褌 芯斜褉邪褌薪褘褏 褎褍薪泻褑懈泄, 褌邪泻懈褏 泻邪泻 泻邪褋邪褌械谢褜薪邪褟, 褋械泻邪薪褋 懈 泻芯-褋械泻邪薪褋, 薪邪 芯褋薪芯胁械 懈褏 芯褋薪芯胁薪褘褏 褎褍薪泻褑懈泄.