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In Exercises \(105-110\), find the difference quotient \(\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}\) \(h \neq 0,\) for the given function \(f\). $$f(x)=-2 x+3$$

Short Answer

Expert verified
The difference quotient of the function \(f(x) = -2x + 3\) is \(-2\).

Step by step solution

01

Find \(f(x+h)\)

First, we need to find the function \(f(x+h)\). Substitute \(x+h\) into the equation given, \(f(x) = -2 x + 3\). So, \(f(x+h) = -2 (x+h) + 3\). To simplify the expression we distribute \( -2 \) by expanding the equation which gives us: \(f(x+h) = -2x -2h + 3\).
02

Substituting \(f(x)\) and \(f(x+h)\) into the Difference Quotient

Now we substitute \(f(x)\) and \(f(x+h)\) into the formula of the difference quotient. The formula for the difference quotient is \(\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}\). Substituting \(f(x)\), which is \(-2x + 3\), and \(f(x+h)\), which is \(-2x -2h + 3\), we get: \(\frac{-2x -2h + 3 - (-2x + 3)}{h}\).
03

Simplify the Difference Quotient

Next step is to simplify the above equation. The \( -2x \) and \( 2x \) negate each other and the \( 3 \) and \( -3 \) also cancel out each other. So, we're left with \(\frac{-2h}{h}\). Simple math shows this simplifies to \(-2\).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Function Evaluation
Understanding function evaluation is essential for mastering the difference quotient exercise, as it's the first step in determining how a function behaves when its variable is altered. Function evaluation involves substituting a specific value into the function in place of the variable. In our example, the function given is \(f(x) = -2x + 3\).

To evaluate this function for \(x+h\), where \(h\) is some nonzero value, we replace the \(x\) in the function with \(x+h\). This yields \(f(x+h) = -2(x+h) + 3\). Breaking it down, we simplify inside the parentheses first, followed by the multiplication. This step is fundamental to understanding how the function will change with respect to a small increment, \(h\), near \(x\).

Evaluating functions for different inputs allows us to see how the output is affected, which is crucial for problems regarding rates of change, a concept linked to the derivative in calculus.
Algebraic Simplification
Algebraic simplification plays a key role in working through difference quotient problems, as well as in various other mathematical fields. It involves reducing expressions to their simplest form. For our function, after evaluating \(f(x+h)\), we need to perform algebraic simplification to make further progress in the computation.

In the provided solution after substituting the values in the difference quotient, we end up with \(\frac{-2x -2h + 3 - (-2x + 3)}{h}\). Simplification is crucial here; it helps us to clearly identify and cancel out terms. In this step, opposites \(-2x\) and \(2x\) as well as \(3\) and \(-3\) are eliminated, which is a clear application of algebraic simplification, leaving us with \(\frac{-2h}{h}\). Recognizing which terms to cancel requires careful attention to signs and like terms. The remaining expression can then be further simplified to \(-2\), by dividing \(-2h\) by \(h\). The skill of simplification makes complex algebraic expressions more manageable and intuitive.
Limit Concept
The limit concept, though not explicitly used in this particular exercise, is an underlying principle that informs the idea of the difference quotient. In calculus, the limit evaluates the behavior of a function as its variables approach a particular value. The difference quotient itself, \(\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}\), is a precursor to the derivative, which is fundamentally a limit as \(h\) approaches zero.

In this case, we did not take the limit as \(h\) approaches zero but knowing that ultimately, if we were to form the foundation of the derivative, we would apply the limit concept to the difference quotient. Understanding limits is therefore imperative for grasping more advanced calculus concepts. However, as long as \(h\) is not equal to 0, we do not encounter the actual limit process in this instance, but we do rely on the techniques that limit solving employs, such as simplification and recognizing undefined expressions.

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