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Chapter 3: Problem 47
Solve the exponential equation algebraically. Approximate the result to three decimal places. $$8\left(10^{3 x}\right)=12$$
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Automobiles are designed with crumple zones that help protect their occupants in crashes. The crumple zones allow the occupants to move short distances when the automobiles come to abrupt stops. The greater the distance moved, the fewer g's the crash victims experience. (One \(g\) is equal to the acceleration due to gravity. For very short periods of time, humans have withstood as much as 40 g's.) In crash tests with vehicles moving at 90 kilometers per hour, analysts measured the numbers of g's experienced during deceleration by crash dummies that were permitted to move \(x\) meters during impact. The data are shown in the table. A model for the data is given by \(y=-3.00+11.88 \ln x+(36.94 / x),\) where \(y\) is the number of g's. $$ \begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline x & \text { g's } \\ \hline 0.2 & 158 \\ 0.4 & 80 \\ 0.6 & 53 \\ 0.8 & 40 \\ 1.0 & 32 \\ \hline \end{array} $$ (a) Complete the table using the model. $$ \begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|} \hline x & 0.2 & 0.4 & 0.6 & 0.8 & 1.0 \\ \hline y & & & & & \\ \hline \end{array} $$ (b) Use a graphing utility to graph the data points and the model in the same viewing window. How do they compare? (c) Use the model to estimate the distance traveled during impact if the passenger deceleration must not exceed \(30 \mathrm{~g}\) 's. (d) Do you think it is practical to lower the number of g's experienced during impact to fewer than \(23 ?\) Explain your reasoning.
A cell site is a site where electronic communications equipment is placed in a cellular network for the use of mobile phones. The numbers \(y\) of cell sites from 1985 through 2008 can be modeled by \(y=\frac{237,101}{1+1950 e^{-0.355 t}}\) where \(t\) represents the year, with \(t=5\) corresponding to \(1985 .\) (Source: CTIA-The Wireless Association) (a) Use the model to find the numbers of cell sites in the years 1985,2000 , and 2006 . (b) Use a graphing utility to graph the function. (c) Use the graph to determine the year in which the number of cell sites will reach 235,000 . (d) Confirm your answer to part (c) algebraically.
The total interest \(u\) paid on a home mortgage of \(P\) dollars at interest rate \(r\) for \(t\) years is \(u=P\left[\frac{r t}{1-\left(\frac{1}{1+r / 12}\right)^{12 t}}-1\right]\) Consider a $$\$ 120,000$$ home mortgage at \(7 \frac{1}{2} \%\). (a) Use a graphing utility to graph the total interest function. (b) Approximate the length of the mortgage for which the total interest paid is the same as the size of the mortgage. Is it possible that some people are paying twice as much in interest charges as the size of the mortgage?
$$\$ 2500$$ is invested in an account at interest rate \(r\), compounded continuously. Find the time required for the amount to (a) double and (b) triple. $$r=0.045$$
If $$\$ 1$$ is invested in an account over a 10-year period, the amount in the account, where \(t\) represents the time in years, is given by \(A=1+0.075 \llbracket t \rrbracket\) or \(A=e^{0.07 t}\) depending on whether the account pays simple interest at \(7 \frac{1}{2} \%\) or continuous compound interest at \(7 \%\). Graph each function on the same set of axes. Which grows at a higher rate? (Remember that \(\llbracket t \rrbracket\) is the greatest integer function discussed in Section 1.6.)
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