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Sketch the graph of the function. (Include two full periods.) $$y=3 \csc 4 x$$

Short Answer

Expert verified
The graph of \(y = 3csc(4x)\) has a period of \(pi/2\), has vertical asymptotes at every πn where n is an integer, and reaches its maximum and minimum of 3 and -3 respectively at half periods. From x=0 to x=\(pi\), two full periods of the graph are plotted.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Period and the Asymptotes

As discussed earlier, the period of the function \(y=3csc(4x)\) is \(2pi/|4|=pi/2\). This means that the graph will repeat every \(pi/2\) units. Next, we need to identify the asymptotes; As \(csc(x) = 1/ sin(x)\), the function is undefined wherever \(sin(4x) = 0\). This occurs at 0 and at every πn, where n is an integer.
02

Plot the Maximum and Minimum

The original \(csc(x)\) function has maximum and minimum at where the \(sin(x)\) function crosses the x-axis. Here we scaled the function by a factor of 3, meaning that the maximum and minimum values will be at 3 and -3 respectively. Place these points at mid-interval between the asymptotes.
03

Sketch the Curve

Plot one cycle from x = 0 to \(pi/2\) between two asymptotes. For \(y=3csc(4x)\), the graph starts from the maximum point (3), goes down, crosses at the x-axis and then goes down to the minimum point (-3).
04

Repeat the Pattern

For complete graphing, we needed to provide two full periods. Thus, repeat the pattern from step 3 again from \(pi/2\) to \(pi\). Now the graphing is finished with two full periods shown in the range from x=0 to x=\(pi\)

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Period of Trigonometric Functions
Understanding the period of trigonometric functions is crucial for graphing them accurately. The period of a function is the distance over which the graph of the function repeats itself. For the standard sine and cosine functions, this distance is \(2\pi\), but when the function is multiplied by a coefficient inside the argument, such as \(4x\) in the cosecant function \(y=3\csc(4x)\), this changes the period. Calculate the new period by dividing the original period \(2\pi\) by the absolute value of that coefficient, yielding a period of \(\pi/2\). This shorter period indicates that the graph will complete a full cycle more often within the same span on the x-axis, leading to a more frequently repeating curve.In everyday terms, if you imagine the trigonomic function as a wave on the ocean, the period is the distance between two crests of the wave. When that distance is shorter, the waves are closer together, just like our graph of the function \(y=3\csc(4x)\) will be.
Asymptotes in Trigonometry
Asymptotes play a key role in understanding the behavior of trigonometric functions that are not defined at certain points. An asymptote is essentially a line that the graph approaches but never touches or crosses. In the case of the cosecant function, which is the reciprocal of the sine function, asymptotes occur wherever the sine function is equal to zero since division by zero is undefined. For the function \(y=3\csc(4x)\), this happens at \(x=0\) and every multiple of \(\pi\) when multiplied by \(4\).Imagine walking towards a mirage that keeps moving away as you approach; the mirage is akin to an asymptote, always in sight but never reachable. Sketching these asymptotes on the graph is crucial as they guide the overall shape and boundaries of the cosecant function's curve.
Amplitude of Trigonometric Functions
While the concept of amplitude typically applies to sine and cosine functions, it can be conceptually extended to other trigonometric functions like the cosecant. Amplitude represents half the distance between the maximum and minimum values of the function. For the cosecant function, the amplitude is not typically discussed since the function tends to ±∞. However, the factor multiplying the cosecant function, in this case, 3, indicates the distance from the centerline of the sine function's graph to its peak. Therefore, in the context of graphing \(y=3\csc(4x)\), one can consider this multiplier when plotting the maximum and minimum values.If you visualize the sine wave as a swelling ocean, the amplitude would be the height of each swell. Even for the cosecant, understanding the role of this multiplier helps predict how peak values stretch away from the x-axis.
Sketching Trigonometric Graphs
  • Start with plotting the asymptotes based on where the function is undefined.
  • Mark the periodic interval based on the calculated period of the function.
  • Determine the maximum and minimum points using the multiplier (if applicable) and plot them equidistantly between asymptotes.
  • Draw the curve that passes through these extrema, respecting the asymptotes and periodic interval.
While sketching \(y=3\csc(4x)\), it's essential to complete these steps for at least one period, then replicate the pattern to cover the required range. In this case, illustrating two full periods showcases the function's repetitive nature. Graphing in this structured way helps ensure that all significant characteristics of the trigonometric function are accurately represented.

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