/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 23 Find the area of the sector dete... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91Ó°ÊÓ

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Find the area of the sector determined by the given radius r and central angle \(\theta .\) Express the answer both in terms of \(\pi\)and as a decimal approximation rounded to two decimal places. (a) \(r=6 \mathrm{cm} ; \theta=2 \pi / 3\) (b) \(r=5 \mathrm{m} ; \theta=80^{\circ}\) (c) \(r=24 \mathrm{m} ; \theta=\pi / 20\) (d) \(r=1.8 \mathrm{cm} ; \theta=144^{\circ}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) 12π cm² ≈ 37.68 cm², (b) 50π/9 m² ≈ 17.45 m², (c) 28.8π m² ≈ 90.43 m², (d) 1.296π cm² ≈ 4.07 cm².

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Formula for Sector Area

The formula to calculate the area of a sector with radius \( r \) and central angle \( \theta \) in radians is given by: \( \text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} r^2 \theta \). If the angle \( \theta \) is given in degrees, it must first be converted to radians.
02

Convert Angles from Degrees to Radians (If Needed)

For angles given in degrees, use the conversion \( \theta_{\text{rad}} = \theta_{\text{deg}} \times \frac{\pi}{180} \).\( (b) \theta = 80^\circ \rightarrow \theta = 80 \times \frac{\pi}{180} = \frac{4\pi}{9} \)\( (d) \theta = 144^\circ \rightarrow \theta = 144 \times \frac{\pi}{180} = \frac{4\pi}{5} \).
03

Calculate Sector Area

Substitute the values into the formula:(a) \( r = 6 \, \text{cm}, \, \theta = \frac{2\pi}{3} \)\[ \text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \times 6^2 \times \frac{2\pi}{3} = 12\pi \, \text{cm}^2 \] (b) \( r = 5 \, \text{m}, \, \theta = \frac{4\pi}{9} \)\[ \text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \times 5^2 \times \frac{4\pi}{9} = \frac{50\pi}{9} \, \text{m}^2 \](c) \( r = 24 \, \text{m}, \, \theta = \frac{\pi}{20} \)\[ \text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \times 24^2 \times \frac{\pi}{20} = 28.8\pi \, \text{m}^2 \](d) \( r = 1.8 \, \text{cm}, \, \theta = \frac{4\pi}{5} \)\[ \text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \times 1.8^2 \times \frac{4\pi}{5} = 1.296\pi \, \text{cm}^2 \]
04

Approximate Decimal Values

Use \( \pi \approx 3.14 \) to calculate approximate decimal values:(a) \( 12\pi \approx 37.68 \, \text{cm}^2 \)(b) \( \frac{50\pi}{9} \approx 17.45 \, \text{m}^2 \)(c) \( 28.8\pi \approx 90.43 \, \text{m}^2 \)(d) \( 1.296\pi \approx 4.07 \, \text{cm}^2 \)

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Radian Conversion
Understanding the radian conversion is crucial for solving problems involving circle geometry, particularly when calculating the area of a sector. A radian is a unit of angular measurement, used mainly in precalculus and trigonometry, and it represents the angle formed when the radius is wrapped around the circle's edge. This is distinct from degrees, where a full circle is 360 degrees, a full rotation in radians is approximately 6.28 radians (or exactly \(2\pi\) radians).
To convert an angle from degrees to radians, you can use the formula \(\theta_{\text{rad}} = \theta_{\text{deg}} \times \frac{\pi}{180}\). This is because \(180^{\circ}\) corresponds to \(\pi\) radians in a standard circle configuration. So, for an angle like \(80^{\circ}\), we multiply by \(\frac{\pi}{180}\) giving us \(\frac{4\pi}{9}\). This step is essential whenever the angle \(\theta\) is initially presented in degrees and needs conversion before using the sector area formula.
Angle Measurement
Angles can be measured in two main units: degrees and radians. Understanding both is key in solving circle-related problems. Degrees are widely used and are easier to visualize since whole numbers are often simpler to comprehend for many people.
Radians, though not as intuitive as degrees, have significant advantages in mathematical calculations, especially in calculus and physics. This is because they provide a more natural linkage between angle and arc length. When measuring angles in radians, the angle is the arc length divided by the radius, making radian-based calculations in circle geometry straightforward as they integrate seamlessly into calculus formulas, like derivatives and integrals.
Circle Geometry
Circle geometry is all about understanding the properties and theorems related to circles. A circle is defined by its radius, diameter, circumference, and area. The formula for the area of a circle is \(\pi r^2\), where \(r\) is the radius.
The sector of a circle is the region bounded by two radii and their intercepted arc. Calculating the area of a sector involves using the formula \(\frac{1}{2} r^2 \theta\), but only when \(\theta\) is in radians. This formula shows that the area of a sector is a fraction of the entire circle's area, directly proportional to the angle \(\theta\). By integrating this understanding, calculating sectors becomes more intuitive and reveals how circle segments relate to the whole.
Precalculus Problems
Precalculus problems often require the integration of different mathematical concepts and principles, and one common type involves circle geometry and sector areas. Solving such problems involves understanding basic trigonometric relationships, conversions between degrees to radians, and attribute calculations concerning circles.
In addition, precalculus problems might challenge you to express solutions both in exact terms, using \(\pi\), and in decimal approximations, to two decimal places. To do this, you often use \(\pi \approx 3.14\) to get an approximate numerical result. These exercises improve your ability to seamlessly transition between various forms of solutions, equipping you with the flexibility needed for higher-level math and real-world applications.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Prove that the equations are identities. $$\cos ^{2} \theta-\sin ^{2} \theta=1-2 \sin ^{2} \theta$$

Write in terms of sine and cosine and simplify expression. $$\cot B \sin ^{2} B \cot B$$

Four functions \(S, C, T,\) and \(D\) are defined as follows: \(\left.\begin{array}{l}S(\theta)=\sin \theta \\ C(\theta)=\cos \theta \\\ T(\theta)=\tan \theta \\ D(\theta)=2 \theta\end{array}\right\\} \quad 0^{\circ}<\theta<90^{\circ}\) In each case, use the values to decide if the statement is true or false. A calculator is not required. $$T\left(45^{\circ}\right)-(C \circ D)\left(30^{\circ}\right)>0$$

This exercise is adapted from a problem that appears in the classic text \(A\) Treatise on Plane and Advanced Trigonometry, 7th ed., by E. W. Hobson (New York: Dover Publications, 1928 ). (The first edition of the book was Oublished by Cambridge University Press in \(1891 .)\) Given: \(A, B,\) and \(C\) are acute angles such that \(\cos A=\tan B \quad \cos B=\tan C \quad \cos C=\tan A\) Prove: \(\sin A=\sin B=\sin C=2 \sin 18^{\circ}\) Follow steps (a) through (e) to obtain this result. (a) In each of the three given equations, use the identity \(\tan \theta=(\sin \theta) /(\cos \theta)\) so that the equations contain only sines and cosines. (b) In each of the three equations obtained in part (a), square both sides. Then use the identity \(\sin ^{2} \theta=1-\cos ^{2} \theta\) so that each equation contains only the cosine function. (c) For ease in writing, replace \(\cos ^{2} A, \cos ^{2} B,\) and \(\cos ^{2} C\) by \(a, b,\) and \(c,\) respectively. Now you have a system of three equations in the three unknowns \(a, b,\) and \(c .\) Solve for \(a, b,\) and \(c\) (d) Using the results in part (c), show that $$\sin A=\sin B=\sin C=\sqrt{\frac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2}}$$ (e) From Exercise \(54(\mathrm{f})\) we know that \(\sin 18^{\circ}=\) \((\sqrt{5}-1) / 4 .\) Show that the expression obtained in part (d) is equal to twice this expression for \(\sin 18^{\circ}\) This completes the proof. (Use the fact that two nonnegative quantities are equal if and only if their squares are equal.)

Use a calculator to evaluate \(\sec \theta, \csc \theta,\) and cot \(\theta\) for the given value of \(\theta .\) Round the answers to two decimal places. $$-9$$

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