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Simplify each of the trigonometric expressions. $$(\sin x-\cos x)(\sin x+\cos x)$$

Short Answer

Expert verified
The expression simplifies to \(\sin^2 x - \cos^2 x\).

Step by step solution

01

Recognize the Pattern

Notice that the expression \(( an x + 1)( an x - 1)\) is in the form of \((a + b)(a - b)\), which resembles the difference of squares formula \(a^2 - b^2\).
02

Apply the Difference of Squares Formula

The difference of squares formula \((a + b)(a - b) = a^2 - b^2\) can be applied here, where \(a = \sin x\) and \(b = \cos x\). Substitute these into the formula to get \(\sin^2 x - \cos^2 x\).
03

Use Pythagorean Identity

Recall the Pythagorean identity \(\sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1\). Although this identity modifies \(\sin^2 x\) and \(\cos^2 x\) as a sum, it indirectly helps us understand the components we have obtained.
04

Realize Sin-Cos Identity Application

While a formal identity for \(\sin^2 x - \cos^2 x\) isn't directly reducible using basic identities, recognize that \(\sin^2 x - \cos^2 x\) itself is a simplified form. Often, it's the simplest result based on given conditions without further reduction.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Difference of Squares
When you come across an expression like \((\text{term}_1 + \text{term}_2)(\text{term}_1 - \text{term}_2)\), you have a perfect case for using the difference of squares formula. This mathematical pattern simplifies into \(\text{term}_1^2 - \text{term}_2^2\). Here, our terms are functions of sine and cosine: \(a = \sin x\) and \(b = \cos x\). This means that our expression becomes \(\sin^2 x - \cos^2 x\). The nature of this type of simplification is it's straightforward: recognize the pattern, apply the formula, and simplify wherever possible. Distinguishing these patterns in trigonometric expressions can make complex-looking problems easier.
Pythagorean Identity
One of the most important identities in trigonometry is the Pythagorean identity: \(\sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1\). This identity is foundational because it relates the sine and cosine of an angle to create a constant, 1, which often simplifies calculations.
Even though our original problem involves subtraction, having a firm understanding of this identity means you comprehend the relationship between sine and cosine, providing insight into variations of these expressions.
Remember, trigonometric identities are not just formulas for substitution; they are tools to interpret relationships between angles and sides in triangles.
Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions
Simplification of trigonometric expressions often involves recognizing patterns and applying relevant identities. Let's think about the expression \(\sin^2 x - \cos^2 x\). Though it's simplified, understanding it could require noting identities such as the sum-to-product identities.
Here, however, it stands as the simplest form under basic identities.
The key is identifying opportunities to use known identities or algebraic manipulations. Simplifying doesn't always mean reducing to a basic numeric result; rather, it often represents breaking down expressions into more elemental or recognizable forms.
Practice identifying patterns like the difference of squares and recognizing relevant identities to become more comfortable with these problems.

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