Chapter 4: Problem 23
Evaluate. See Example 10. $$ \left(-\frac{2}{3}\right)^{3} \cdot \frac{1}{2} $$
Short Answer
Expert verified
The expression evaluates to \(-\frac{4}{27}\).
Step by step solution
01
Evaluate the Exponent
First, look at the expression \( \left(-\frac{2}{3}\right)^{3} \). This means we need to multiply \(-\frac{2}{3}\) by itself three times. Thus, we have: \[\left(-\frac{2}{3}\right) \times \left(-\frac{2}{3}\right) \times \left(-\frac{2}{3}\right).\]Let's compute this step-by-step: 1. Multiply the first two fractions: \[\left(-\frac{2}{3}\right) \times \left(-\frac{2}{3}\right) = \frac{4}{9}.\] This is because the negative signs cancel each other (\(- \times - = +\)) and multiplying fractions is done by multiplying the numerators and the denominators. 2. Now, multiply the resulting fraction by the third \(-\frac{2}{3}\): \[\frac{4}{9} \times \left(-\frac{2}{3}\right) = -\frac{8}{27}.\] Keep the negative sign since the two numbers being multiplied have different signs.
02
Multiply by the Remaining Fraction
Now we have to multiply our result from step 1, \(-\frac{8}{27}\), by \(\frac{1}{2}\):\[-\frac{8}{27} \times \frac{1}{2} = -\frac{8\times1}{27\times2}.\]Calculate the multiplication:- Multiply the numerators: \(8 \times 1 = 8\).- Multiply the denominators: \(27 \times 2 = 54\).So, the fraction becomes:\[-\frac{8}{54}.\]Now, simplify the fraction \(-\frac{8}{54}\):- Find the greatest common divisor (GCD) of 8 and 54, which is 2.- Divide both numerator and denominator by 2: \[-\frac{8\div2}{54\div2} = -\frac{4}{27}.\]
03
Write the Final Answer
The expression \(\left(-\frac{2}{3}\right)^3 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\) evaluates to \(-\frac{4}{27}\) after simplifying the fractional multiplication.
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Exponents
Exponents are a way of expressing repeated multiplication of the same number or expression. When you see something like \((-\frac{2}{3})^3\), it means you'll multiply \(-\frac{2}{3}\) by itself three times. Let's break this down:
- The base is \(-\frac{2}{3}\), which we'll multiply.
- The exponent, 3, tells us how many times to use the base in a multiplication.
Multiplying Fractions
Multiplying fractions might seem tricky, but it's quite straightforward. The key rule is to multiply the numerators together and multiply the denominators together. Consider multiplying \(-\frac{8}{27}\) by \(\frac{1}{2}\):
- Find the product of the numerators: \(-8 \times 1 = -8\).
- Find the product of the denominators: \(27 \times 2 = 54\).
Simplifying Fractions
Simplifying fractions makes them easier to understand and compare. After multiplication, you'll often need to simplify. Take \(-\frac{8}{54}\) for instance. The process is:
- Identify the greatest common divisor (GCD) of the numerator and denominator, which is 2 in this case.
- Divide both the numerator and denominator by this GCD: \(-\frac{8 \div 2}{54 \div 2} = -\frac{4}{27}\).