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Understanding percent calculation is essential for solving real-world problems. Percentages are used to express how one quantity relates to another as a fraction of 100. This means 50% is equivalent to saying half or 50 out of 100.
To calculate the percentage of a number, you'll typically use the formula:
\text {percent} = \frac{\text{part}}{\text{whole}} \times 100

For instance, in our problem, we want to know what percent of 120 is 81.6. By identifying 81.6 as the part and 120 as the whole, we can then apply the given formula to find the percentage.
This translates into setting up the equation: \( \text {percent} = \frac{81.6}{120} \times 100 \). Performing these steps systematically ensures accurate results.

Division helps in determining how many times one number is contained within another. It is a critical operation in mathematics, especially when calculating percentages.
In our exercise, once we have set up the equation \text {percent} = \frac{81.6}{120} \times 100, the next step is to perform the division \( \frac{81.6}{120} \) to simplify the fraction.

When we divide 81.6 by 120, we get 0.68. This decimal represents the proportion of 81.6 relative to 120.
Understanding division in the context of percent calculations can demystify numerous mathematical problems and real-world scenarios.

Multiplication is a fundamental mathematical operation used for scaling numbers. After performing division to find the decimal in percent calculations, multiplication helps convert this proportion into a percentage.
Continuing from our earlier operation \( \frac{81.6}{120} = 0.68 \), we now need to multiply 0.68 by 100 to find the percentage.
Multiplying by 100 shifts the decimal two places to the right, transforming 0.68 into 68. This means that 81.6 is 68% of 120.
Mastering multiplication, especially when working with decimals, is crucial for handling percentages accurately and efficiently.