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Chapter 5: Problem 1

When does redistricting of state districts happen?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Redistricting happens after the decennial census, typically within the next year or two.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Redistricting

Redistricting is the process of redrawing electoral district boundaries. It is undertaken to ensure each district has roughly equal populations and reflects demographic changes.
02

Reapportioning After the Census

In the United States, redistricting occurs after every decennial census. The census is conducted every 10 years to account for population changes.
03

Timing of the Process

Following the census, states will typically begin the redistricting process in the year or two after the census data is released. This ensures new districts are in place before the next general elections.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Electoral district boundaries
Electoral district boundaries are the lines that divide geographical areas into regions represented by elected officials. Each district is meant to represent a portion of the population. The boundaries must be drawn in a way that ensures fair representation, meaning each district should have a similar number of people. If boundaries are not drawn fairly, it can result in gerrymandering, where districts are manipulated to favor a particular political party. Thus, the drawing of these lines is crucial in shaping the political landscape and influence of each district.
Decennial census
The decennial census is a count of a country's population conducted every ten years. In the United States, the Census Bureau manages this task. The results of the census provide detailed information on population size, distribution, and demographics, like age, sex, and race. These data are critical for redistricting because they help ensure that each electoral district represents a similar number of people. This avoids imbalances where some districts have more or fewer people than others, which would lead to unequal representation.
Population changes
Population changes refer to the shifts in the number of people residing in various areas over time. Many factors can cause population changes, such as migration, birth rates, and economic opportunities. In the context of redistricting, these changes are significant because they can alter the distribution of the population across electoral districts. As populations increase or decrease, the boundaries of electoral districts may need adjustments to maintain equal representation. Ignoring such changes can lead to districts with disproportionate influence, where some voters have more power than others.
Reapportionment
Reapportionment is the process that follows the decennial census. It involves reallocating seats in a legislative body according to population shifts. In the United States, reapportionment predominantly affects the House of Representatives. States gain or lose seats based on changes in their populations relative to the rest of the country. Reapportionment ensures that representation in the House reflects current population realities. This step precedes redistricting, which adjusts the district boundaries within states to align with reapportioned seats. This guarantees each citizen's vote carries similar weight in elections.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Determine the apportionment using a. Hamilton's Method b. Jefferson's Method c. Webster's Method d. Huntington-Hill Method A small country consists of four states, whose populations are listed below. If the legislature has 116 seats, apportion the seats. $$ \begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline \mathrm{A}: 33,700 & \text { B: } 559,500 & \text { C: } 141,300 & \text { D: } 89,100 \\ \hline \end{array} $$

Complete the following: a. How many voters voted in this election? b. How many votes are needed for a majority? c. Find the winner under the plurality method. d. Find the winner under the Instant Runoff Voting method. e. Find the winner under the Borda Count Method. f. Find the winner under Copeland's method. Portland City Council has an election for one open position. There are four candidates (labeled E, \(\mathrm{F}, \mathrm{G}, \mathrm{H}\) for convenience). The preference schedule for the election is: $$ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline \text { Number of voters } & 11 & 8 & 3 & 9 & 16 & 14 & 9 \\ \hline \text { 1st choice } & \mathrm{E} & \mathrm{H} & \mathrm{H} & \mathrm{G} & \mathrm{E} & \mathrm{F} & \mathrm{F} \\ \hline 2 \text { nd choice } & \mathrm{F} & \mathrm{G} & \mathrm{E} & \mathrm{F} & \mathrm{G} & \mathrm{H} & \mathrm{G} \\ \hline \text { 3rd choice } & \mathrm{H} & \mathrm{F} & \mathrm{G} & \mathrm{H} & \mathrm{H} & \mathrm{E} & \mathrm{E} \\ \hline \text { 4th choice } & \mathrm{G} & \mathrm{E} & \mathrm{F} & \mathrm{E} & \mathrm{F} & \mathrm{G} & \mathrm{H} \\ \hline \end{array} $$

Complete the following: a. How many voters voted in this election? b. How many votes are needed for a majority? c. Find the winner under the plurality method. d. Find the winner under the Instant Runoff Voting method. e. Find the winner under the Borda Count Method. f. Find the winner under Copeland's method. The Oregon State Governor's race has five candidates: \(\mathrm{R}, \mathrm{S}, \mathrm{T}, \mathrm{U}, \mathrm{V}\). The votes are: $$ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline \text { Number of voters } & 22 & 45 & 20 & 47 & 43 & 18 & 26 \\ \hline \text { 1st choice } & \mathrm{R} & \mathrm{S} & \mathrm{R} & \mathrm{U} & \mathrm{T} & \mathrm{V} & \mathrm{V} \\ \hline 2 \text { nd choice } & \mathrm{T} & \mathrm{V} & \mathrm{S} & \mathrm{T} & \mathrm{U} & \mathrm{S} & \mathrm{T} \\ \hline 3 \mathrm{rd} \text { choice } & \mathrm{S} & \mathrm{T} & \mathrm{V} & \mathrm{S} & \mathrm{V} & \mathrm{U} & \mathrm{S} \\ \hline 4 \text { th choice } & \mathrm{U} & \mathrm{R} & \mathrm{U} & \mathrm{V} & \mathrm{R} & \mathrm{R} & \mathrm{U} \\ \hline 5 \text { th choice } & \mathrm{V} & \mathrm{U} & \mathrm{T} & \mathrm{R} & \mathrm{S} & \mathrm{T} & \mathrm{R} \\ \hline \end{array} $$

In each fictional country, use the rules of the U.S. government to complete the table and determine the following: a. The total number of electors in the state. b. The number of electoral votes needed for a majority and win a presidential election. In this country there is one representative for every 60,000 residents. $$ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline \text { State } & \text { Population } & \begin{array}{c} \text { Number of } \\ \text { Representatives } \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} \text { Number of } \\ \text { Senators } \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} \text { Number of } \\ \text { Electors } \end{array} \\ \hline \text { Arbery } & 720,000 & & & \\ \hline \text { Monterrosa } & 360,000 & & & \\ \hline \text { Bland } & 240,000 & & & \\ \hline \text { Davis } & 480,000 & & & \\ \hline \text { Total } & & & & \\ \hline \end{array} $$

A school district has two high schools: Clatsop, serving 1715 students, and Siletz, serving \(7364 .\) The district could only afford to hire 13 guidance counselors. a. Determine how many counselors should be assigned to each school using Hamilton's method. b. The following year, the district expands to include a third school, Cayuse, serving an additional 2989 students. Based on the divisor from above, how many additional counselors should be hired for Cayuse? c. After hiring that many new counselors, the district recalculates the reapportion using Hamilton's method. Determine the outcome. d. Explain what happened in the new apportionment. Do you think the outcome from part \(c\) is fair? Why or why not.
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