/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 7 For the clinical trial of a migr... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 3: Problem 7

For the clinical trial of a migraine drug, subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The first received an inert pill, while the second received the test medicine. Patients were not aware of which group they were in. After one month, patients reported how many migraines they experienced. a. Which is the treatment group? b. Which is the control group (if there is one)? c. Is this study blind, double-blind, or neither? d. Is this best described as an experiment, a controlled experiment, or a placebo-controlled experiment?

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. Treatment group: Receives test medicine. b. Control group: Receives inert pill. c. Study is blind. d. Placebo-controlled experiment.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Treatment Group

In the clinical trial, the treatment group is the group of subjects that received the test medicine. This group is crucial in assessing the efficacy of the new migraine drug.
02

Identify the Control Group

The control group is the group that received the inert pill. This group does not receive the active treatment and serves as a baseline to compare the effects of the test medicine.
03

Determine if the Study is Blind or Double-Blind

Since the patients are not aware of which group they are in (treatment or control), the study is at least single-blind. However, there is no provided information about whether the researchers are blind to the group assignments. Without that information, we cannot confirm this study as double-blind, so it is best described as blind.
04

Categorize the Type of Study

This trial is best described as a placebo-controlled experiment because it involves a control group receiving an inert substance, while the treatment group receives the actual test medicine. This setup is specifically designed to assess the effectiveness of the test medicine compared to a placebo.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Treatment Group
In clinical trials, the treatment group is a set of participants who receive the experimental medication or procedure being tested. In the case of a migraine drug trial, this group gets the actual medication believed to alleviate symptoms. Researchers observe this group to evaluate how effective the new drug is compared to a baseline or control group.

Key aspects of the treatment group include:
  • They receive the treatment being tested.
  • Results from this group help determine the drug's efficacy.
  • Changes observed in this group are compared to changes in the control group.
This comparison helps researchers understand whether improvements are due to the treatment itself, rather than other factors.
Control Group
The control group is essential in clinical trials as it provides a standard to measure how effective a new treatment is. This group receives a placebo or standard treatment instead of the experimental one. In the migraine trial, the control group receives an inert pill, which has no active medical ingredients.

The main characteristics of a control group are:
  • They do not receive the experimental treatment.
  • They serve as a baseline for comparison with the treatment group.
  • Ensures that any effects on the treatment group can be attributed to the treatment itself rather than other variables.
Utilizing a control group allows researchers to observe what happens without the intervention, establishing a clear cause-and-effect relationship.
Placebo-Controlled Experiment
A placebo-controlled experiment involves comparing the effects of an experimental treatment with a placebo, a substance with no therapeutic effect. Such experiments are vital in distinguishing between the physiological effects of the treatment and the psychological effects that arise from the belief that one is receiving treatment.

Features of a placebo-controlled experiment include:
  • One group receives the tested treatment, while another receives a placebo.
  • It helps in identifying genuine effects from the treatment.
  • This method helps eliminate bias, as neither the patients nor outcome assessors know which group received the actual treatment, assuming blinding is applied.
In the migraine drug study, using a placebo-controlled setup is a rigorous method to validate the treatment's efficacy, ensuring any benefits observed are due to the drug itself.
Single-Blind Study
In a single-blind study, participants are unaware of which group they belong to, treatment or control. This design is key to preventing biases in their response to treatment, as knowledge could influence their perception and report of symptoms.

Characteristics of a single-blind study include:
  • Participants do not know whether they receive the treatment or placebo.
  • Prevents psychological bias from affecting results.
  • Researchers, in some cases, might know which treatment each participant receives, potentially introducing bias.
While a single-blind study is effective in mitigating participant bias, double-blind studies, where both participants and researchers are unaware of group assignments, provide an even stronger experimental design by minimizing potential biases.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Make up two data sets with 7 numbers that each have: a. The same IQR but different medians. b. Different IQRs but the same medians.

The ASPCC randomly selects 200 students from PCC Cascade campus to participate in a childcare survey in order to determine the demand for additional childcare options for PCC students. a. Who is the intended population? b. What is the sample? c. Is the collected data representative of the intended population? Why or why not?

A poll found that \(30 \%\), plus or minus \(5 \%\) of college freshmen prefer morning classes to afternoon classes. a. What is the margin of error? b. Write the survey results as a confidence interval. c. Explain what the confidence interval tells us about the percentage of college freshmen who prefer morning classes?

True or False: The bars of a histogram should always touch.

Suppose the variable \(X\) is normally distributed with a mean of 15 miles and a standard deviation of 3 miles. a. Draw and label the Normal distribution graph. b. What is the range of data values that falls within one standard deviation of the mean? c. What percentage of the data fall between 9 and 18 miles? d. What percentage of the data fall above 18 or below 9 miles?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

Pure Maths

Read Explanation

Probability and Statistics

Read Explanation

Applied Mathematics

Read Explanation

Geometry

Read Explanation

Theoretical and Mathematical Physics

Read Explanation

Logic and Functions

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.