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51. IfAis a symmetric22 matrix with eigenvalues 1 and 2, then the angle betweenxandAx must be less than/6, for all nonzero vectorsxinR2.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The given statement is TRUE.

Step by step solution

01

Check whether the given statement is TRUE or FALSE

Let v1,v2be unit orthogonal eigenvectors with eigenvalues 1 and 2 respectively.

So, write localid="1659679849030" x=c1v1+c2v2forsomec1,c2.Alsox=c12+c22

Ax=c1Av1+c2Av2Ax=c1v1+2c1v2x=c12+4c22x.Av=c12+2c22

Let is the angle between xand Ax. Then,

cos=x.AaxAx=c12+2c22c12+c22c12+422=c12+2c22c14+5c12c22+4c24=c14+4c12c22+4c24c14+4c12c22+4c24+c12c221/2

=11+c12c22c14+4c12c22+4c24=11+c12c22c14+4c12c22+4c24=11+c12c22(c12+2c22)21/2=11+c1c2(c12+2c22)21/2

Here, costakes minimum value when localid="1659678852211" c1c2c12+c22takes maximum value.

To find the maximum value of c1c2c12+c22, differentiate it with respect to c1and c2.

c1c1c2c12+2c22=c12+2c22c2-c1c22c2c12+2c222=-c12c2+2c23c12+2c222=c2(-c12+2c22)c12+2c222c1c1c2c12+2c22=c12+2c22c2-c1c24c2c12+2c222=c13-2c1c22c12+2c222=c2(c12-2c22)c12+2c222

In order to find the extreme value, equate both the partial derivatives with 0. Ignore the solution c1,c2=0since it corresponds to minimum. The other condition we obtain is c12=2c22. Thus, the maximum is achieved when this condition is satisfied.

When c12=2c22, we have

c12c22c12+2c22=2c244c222=2c2416c24=18

Hence, 肠辞蝉胃=11+(1/8)21/2=8/9

02

Final Answer

This means that the minimum possible value of is cosis8/9>3/2. Thus, in any case cos>3/2which implies that </6.

Thus, the given statement is TRUE.

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