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Consider a square matrix A with ker(A2)=ker(A3)? Is ker(A3)=ker(A4)? Justify your answer.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Hence, it is proved that;

ker(A3)=ker(A4)

Step by step solution

01

Step 1: Using property ker(A3)⊆ker(A4)

The kernel of a linear transformation Tx=Axfrom

mtonisthesolutionsetoflinearsystemAx=0.Also,thepropertybelowistrueforker(A);ker(A3)ker(A4)

02

Proving ker (A2)=ker(A3)

ConsideramatrixAwithker(A2)=ker(A3).provetheequalityker(A3)=ker(A4)asshownbelow.Thefirststepistoprovethatker(A3)ker(A4).Thesamecanbebservedfromtheproperty(1)ofkernel(A).Therefore,ker(A3)ker(A4).Thisconcludesthefirstpartoftheproof.

03

Proving ker (A3)=ker(A4)

Thenextstepistoprovethatker(A4)ker(A3).Letxker(A3).Thenusethedefinationofkernalofalineartransformationtoobtain;A4x=0Implies;A3(Ax)=0Implies;Axker(A3)Since,ker(A2)=ker(A3)Therefore;Axker(A2)Againuseitandthedefinationofthekernelofthelineartransformationtoobtain;A2(Ax)=0Implies;A3x=0Implies;xker(A3)Therefore;ker(A4)ker(A3)Hencewecanconcludethatker(A2)ker(A3)

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