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Chapter 1: Q.65 (page 54)

Airline companies are interested in the consistency of the number of babies on each flight, so that they have adequate safety equipment. Suppose an airline conducts a survey. Over Thanksgiving weekend, it surveys six flights from Boston to Salt Lake City to determine the number of babies on the flights. It determines the amount of safety equipment needed by the result of that study.

a. Using complete sentences, list three things wrong with the way the survey was conducted.

b. Using complete sentences, list three ways that you would improve the survey if it were to be repeated.

Short Answer

Expert verified

a)

1. The survey was conducted on weekends, which is incorrect because it is impossible to forecast the number of babies on weekdays by conducting the poll solely on weekends.

2. The poll was conducted on six identical flights, which is incorrect because it is impossible to forecast the number of newborns on all sorts of flights by conducting a survey on six identical flights.

3. The study did not use a representative sample of air travellers since the survey sample was not representative of all types of air travellers.

b)

1. It is necessary to conduct the survey on multiple days of the week in order to ensure accuracy.

2. To ensure that the survey is accurate, it must be conducted at several times throughout the year, so that each season can be covered.

3. To ensure that the survey is accurate, it must be conducted on flights from a variety of origins and destinations.

Step by step solution

01

Part(a) - Step 1: To find

The errors in the survey conducted.

02

Part(a) - Step 2: Explanation

The following are three flaws in the survey that was conducted:

  • Survey was done over the Christmas season, when the number of people would be unusually high.
  • The only route covered is from Boston to Salt Lake City, which may result in biassed results based on these specific sites.
  • The sample size of 6 is insufficient to generalise the results of such a survey.
03

Part (b) Step 3: To find

The improvements in the survey conducted.

04

Part (b) - Step 4: Explanation

The following are three enhancements to the survey:

  • Surveys can be conducted on regular working days, weekends, and holidays to gain a general sense of the number of children who travel.
  • The only route covered is from Boston to Salt Lake City, which may result in skewed results based on these specific sites. As a result, other routes must be incorporated in order to obtain a more comprehensive picture.
  • The sample size of 6 is insufficient to generalise the results of such a survey. As a result, more flights can be included in the poll; the larger the sample, the more accurate the study's results.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Studies are often done by pharmaceutical companies to determine the effectiveness of a treatment program. Suppose that a new AIDS antibody drug is currently under study. It is given to patients once the AIDS symptoms have revealed themselves. Of interest is the average (mean) length of time in months patients live once they start the treatment. Two researchers each follow a different set of 40 patients with AIDS from the start of treatment until their deaths. The following data (in months) are collected.

Researcher A:

3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; 44; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34

Researcher B:

3; 14; 11; 5; 16; 17; 28; 41; 31; 18; 14; 14; 26; 25; 21; 22; 31; 2; 35; 44; 23; 21; 21; 16; 12; 18; 41; 22; 16; 25; 33; 34; 29; 13; 18; 24; 23; 42; 33; 29

Determine what the key terms refer to in the example for Researcher A.

statistic

What type of measure scale is being used? Nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio.

a. High school soccer players classified by their athletic ability: Superior, Average, Above average

b. Baking temperatures for various main dishes: 350, 400, 325, 250, 300

c. The colors of crayons in a 24-crayon box

d. Social security numbers

e. Incomes measured in dollars

f. A satisfaction survey of a social website by number: 1 = very satisfied, 2 = somewhat satisfied, 3 = not satisfied

g. Political outlook: extreme left, left-of-center, right-of-center, extreme right

h. Time of day on an analog watch

i. The distance in miles to the closest grocery store

j. The dates 1066, 1492, 1644, 1947, and 1944

k. The heights of 21鈥�65 year-old women

l. Common letter grades: A, B, C, D, and F

Nineteen immigrants to the U.S were asked how many years, to the nearest year, they have lived in the U.S. The data are as follows:

Table 1.35was produced.

a. Fix the errors in Table 1.35. Also, explain how someone might have arrived at the incorrect number(s).

b. Explain what is wrong with this statement: 鈥�47percent of the people surveyed have lived in the U.S. for 5测别补谤蝉.鈥�

c. Fix the statement in b to make it correct.

d. What fraction of the people surveyed have lived in the U.S. five or seven years?

e. What fraction of the people surveyed have lived in the U.S. at most 12years?

f. What fraction of the people surveyed have lived in the U.S. fewer than 12years?

g. What fraction of the people surveyed have lived in the U.S. from five to 20years, inclusive?

A question on a survey reads: "Do you prefer the delicious taste of Brand X or the taste of Brand Y?" Is this a fair question?

Use the following information to answer the next seven exercises: Studies are often done by pharmaceutical companies to determine the effectiveness of a treatment program. Suppose that a new AIDS antibody drug is currently under study. It is given to patients once the AIDS symptoms have revealed themselves. Of interest is the average (mean) length of time in months patients live once starting the treatment. Two researchers each follow a different set of 40 AIDS patients from the start of treatment until their deaths. The following data (in months) are collected.

Researcher A: 3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; 44; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34

Researcher B: 3; 14; 11; 5; 16; 17; 28; 41; 31; 18; 14; 14; 26; 25; 21; 22; 31; 2; 35; 44; 23; 21; 21; 16; 12; 18; 41; 22; 16; 25; 33; 34; 29; 13; 18; 24; 23; 42; 33; 29

Can you tell if one researcher is correct and the other one is incorrect? Why?
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