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Chapter 1: Q. 40 (page 52)

Design an experiment. Identify the explanatory and response variables. Describe the population being studied and the experimental units. Explain the treatments that will be used and how they will be assigned to the experimental units. Describe how blinding and placebos may be used to counter the power of suggestion.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The disruption in driving caused by texting will be the explanatory variable, and the response variable will be the amount of seconds it takes for drivers to reply.

Step by step solution

01

Introduction

It's easy to tell the difference between explanatory and response variables: The intended cause is an explanatory variable that explains the outcomes. A response variable is the expected effect, and it responds to other variables.

02

Explanation

ExperimenttoseeifthenumberofhoursspentstudyingaffectsSATstudents'examscores.
Numberofstudyhoursisanexplanatoryvariable.
Examscoreisaresponsevariable.
StudentswhohavetakentheSAT
100SAT students were chosen as experimental units.
Treatment:
Variousamountofhours:
2hours, 4hours, and 6hours are the lengths of time available.
The examiner is blinded as to which student spent how many hours studying.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

With your classmates, brainstorm some ways you could overcome these problems if you needed to conduct a phone or mail survey.

A study was done to determine the age, number of times per week, and the duration (amount of time) of residents using a local park in San Antonio, Texas. The first house in the neighborhood around the park was selected randomly, and then the resident of every eighth house in the neighborhood around the park was interviewed.

The population is ______________________

A 鈥渞andom survey鈥� was conducted of 3,274people of the 鈥渕icroprocessor generation鈥� (people born since 1971, the year the microprocessor was invented). It was reported that 48% of those individuals surveyed stated that if they had $2,000to spend, they would use it for computer equipment. Also, 66%of those surveyed considered themselves relatively savvy computer users.

a. Do you consider the sample size large enough for a study of this type? Why or why not?

b. Based on your 鈥済ut feeling,鈥� do you believe the percents accurately reflect the U.S. population for those individuals born since 1971? If not, do you think the percents of the population are actually higher or lower than the sample statistics? Why? Additional information: The survey, reported by Intel Corporation, was filled out by individuals who visited the Los Angeles Convention Center to see the Smithsonian Institute's road show called 鈥淎merica鈥檚 Smithsonian.鈥�

c. With this additional information, do you feel that all demographic and ethnic groups were equally represented at the event? Why or why not?

d. With the additional information, comment on how accurately you think the sample statistics reflect the population parameters

Discuss potential violations of the rule requiring informed consent.

a. Inmates in a correctional facility are offered good behavior credit in return for participation in a study.

b. A research study is designed to investigate a new children鈥檚 allergy medication.

c. Participants in a study are told that the new medication being tested is highly promising, but they are not told that only a small portion of participants will receive the new medication. Others will receive placebo treatments and traditional treatments.

For the following exercises, identify the type of data that would be used to describe a response (quantitative discrete, quantitative continuous, or qualitative), and give an example of the data. brand of toothpaste
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