/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} 1.22 Describe the unethical behavior,... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 1: 1.22 (page 39)

Describe the unethical behavior, if any, in each example and describe how it could impact the reliability of the resulting data. Explain how the problem should be corrected. A study is commissioned to determine the favorite brand of fruit juice among teens in California.

  1. The survey is commissioned by the seller of a popular brand of apple juice.
  2. There are only two types of juice included in the study: apple juice and cranberry juice.
  3. Researchers allow participants to see the brand of juice as samples are poured for a taste test.
  4. Twenty-five percent of participants prefer Brand X, 33% prefer Brand Y and 42% have no preference between the two brands. Brand X references the study in a commercial saying "Most teens like Brand X as much as or more than Brand Y."

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. A seller of a popular brand of apple juice surveying will lead to a biased result, instead, a person unassociated must do the survey.
  2. Limiting to only two types of brands would be unfair for the rest of the brands, instead, all the brands should be incorporated in the survey.
  3. Allowing the participants to see the brand will affect the response, hence, proper care must be taken in avoiding the disclosure of the brand.
  4. Manipulated results are unethical, honest results must be displayed in the commercial.

Step by step solution

01

Part (a) Step 1: Concept Introduction

Unethical behavior is described as actions that violate social norms or are deemed objectionable by the general public. It is an action that goes against what is morally right or proper for a person, a profession, or a business. Individual people, companies, professionals, and officials can all act unethically.

02

Part (a) Step 2: Explanation

The unethical act here is that the survey is conducted by the supplier of the preferred brand. The seller of a well-known brand will produce skewed results. The solution is for the poll to be conducted by someone who is not affiliated with the brands.

03

Part (a) Step 3: Final answer

A survey conducted by a seller of a popular brand of apple juice will result in a biased result; alternatively, the poll must be conducted by someone who is unrelated to the seller.

04

Part (b) Step 1: Concept Introduction

Unethical behavior is described as actions that violate social norms or are deemed objectionable by the general public. It is an action that goes against what is morally right or proper for a person, a profession, or a business. Individual people, companies, professionals, and officials can all act unethically.

05

Part (b) Step 2: Explanation

It is unethical to not provide all of the available options on the market. As a result, the study's findings will be incorrect. The simplest method to avoid this unethical practice is to combine all of the available juice brands.

06

Part (b) Step 3: Final answer

Limiting the survey to only two types of brands would be unfair to the other brands; therefore, all brands should be included.

07

Part (c) Step 1: Concept Introduction

Unethical behavior is described as actions that violate social norms or are deemed objectionable by the general public. It is an action that goes against what is morally right or proper for a person, a profession, or a business. Individual people, companies, professionals, and officials can all act unethically.

08

Part (c) Step 2: Explanation

If the participants know the name of the juice brand they are tasting, they can utilize their prior taste preferences to determine how it tastes. This will influence the participants' responses, resulting in biased results. This can be prevented by taking extra precautions to ensure that the participants do not discover the name of the juice they would be sampling.

09

Part (c) Step 3: Final answer

Allowing participants to view the brand will alter their response; therefore, extreme caution is necessary for avoiding brand disclosure.

10

Part (d) Step 1: Concept Introduction

Unethical behavior is described as actions that violate social norms or are deemed objectionable by the general public. It is an action that goes against what is morally right or proper for a person, a profession, or a business. Individual people, companies, professionals, and officials can all act unethically.

11

Part (d) Step 2: Explanation

The study's results have been tampered with. It leads customers misguided. One must ensure that their commercial is honest and that the facts and findings of the research study are not manipulated.

12

Part (d) Step 3: Final answer

Manipulated results are unethical, and honest results must be shown in commercials.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Sixty adults with gum disease were asked the number of times per week they used to floss before their diagnosis. The (incomplete) results are shown in Table 1.34.

a. Fill in the blanks in Table1.34.

b. What percent of adults flossed six times per week?

c. What percent flossed at most three times per week?

In advance of the 1936Presidential Election, a magazine titled Literary Digest released the results of an opinion poll predicting that the republican candidate Alf Landon would win by a large margin. The magazine sent post cards to approximately 10,000,000prospective voters. These prospective voters were selected from the subscription list of the magazine, from automobile registration lists, from phone lists, and from club membership lists. Approximately 2,300,000people returned the postcards.

a. Think about the state of the United States in 1936. Explain why a sample chosen from magazine subscription lists, automobile registration lists, phone books, and club membership lists was not representative of the population of the United States at that time.

b. What effect does the low response rate have on the reliability of the sample?

c. Are these problems examples of sampling error or non sampling error?

d. During the same year, George Gallup conducted his own poll of 30,000prospective voters. These researchers used a method they called "quota sampling" to obtain survey answers from specific subsets of the population. Quota sampling is an example of which sampling method described in this module?

Studies are often done by pharmaceutical companies to determine the effectiveness of a treatment program. Suppose that a new AIDS antibody drug is currently under study. It is given to patients once the AIDS symptoms have revealed themselves. Of interest is the average (mean) length of time in months patients live once they start the treatment. Two researchers each follow a different set of 40 patients with AIDS from the start of treatment until their deaths. The following data (in months) are collected.

Researcher A:

3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; 44; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34

Researcher B:

3; 14; 11; 5; 16; 17; 28; 41; 31; 18; 14; 14; 26; 25; 21; 22; 31; 2; 35; 44; 23; 21; 21; 16; 12; 18; 41; 22; 16; 25; 33; 34; 29; 13; 18; 24; 23; 42; 33; 29

Determine what the key terms refer to in the example for Researcher A.

sample

Nineteen immigrants to the U.S were asked how many years, to the nearest year, they have lived in the U.S. The data are as follows:

Table 1.35was produced.

a. Fix the errors in Table 1.35. Also, explain how someone might have arrived at the incorrect number(s).

b. Explain what is wrong with this statement: 鈥�47percent of the people surveyed have lived in the U.S. for 5测别补谤蝉.鈥�

c. Fix the statement in b to make it correct.

d. What fraction of the people surveyed have lived in the U.S. five or seven years?

e. What fraction of the people surveyed have lived in the U.S. at most 12years?

f. What fraction of the people surveyed have lived in the U.S. fewer than 12years?

g. What fraction of the people surveyed have lived in the U.S. from five to 20years, inclusive?

Discuss potential violations of the rule requiring informed consent.

a. Inmates in a correctional facility are offered good behavior credit in return for participation in a study.

b. A research study is designed to investigate a new children鈥檚 allergy medication.

c. Participants in a study are told that the new medication being tested is highly promising, but they are not told that only a small portion of participants will receive the new medication. Others will receive placebo treatments and traditional treatments.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

Mechanics Maths

Read Explanation

Theoretical and Mathematical Physics

Read Explanation

Statistics

Read Explanation

Probability and Statistics

Read Explanation

Pure Maths

Read Explanation

Logic and Functions

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.