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Chapter 9: Q. 43 (page 539)

Use the following information to answer the next seven exercises: Suppose that a recent article stated that the mean time spent in jail by a first-time convicted burglar is 2.5years. A study was then done to see if the mean time has increased in the new century. A random sample of 26 first-time convicted burglars in a recent year was picked. The mean length of time in jail from the survey was three years with a standard deviation of 1.8 years. Suppose that it is somehow known that the population standard deviation is1.5. Conduct a hypothesis test to determine if the mean length of jail time has increased. Assume the distribution of the jail times is approximately normal.

In words, define the random variable for this test.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The explanation includes the random variable for the test definition.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

The average sentence for a first-time burglar is 2.5years in prison.

There were 26first-time burglars identified. The average length of time spent in prison is three years, with a standard variation of 1.8years. The population standard deviation is 1.5.

02

Explanation

A hypothesis test is used to determine whether the average length of time spent in prison has increased. The allocation of jail time is usually done in a fair manner. According to the information provided, the test included 26 first-time convicted burglars as a sample. The mean time spent in jail by these 26 first-time burglars is the random variable for this test. This is the variable that is random.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Previously, an organization reported that teenagers spent 4.5 hours per week, on average, on the phone. The organization thinks that, currently, the mean is higher. Fifteen randomly chosen teenagers were asked how many hours per week they spend on the phone. The sample mean was 4.75 hours with a sample standard deviation of 2.0. Conduct a hypothesis test. At a significance level of a = 0.05, what is the correct conclusion?

a. There is enough evidence to conclude that the mean number of hours is more than 4.75

b. There is enough evidence to conclude that the mean number of hours is more than 4.5

c. There is not enough evidence to conclude that the mean number of hours is more than 4.5

d. There is not enough evidence to conclude that the mean number of hours is more than 4.75

"Red tide" is a bloom of poison-producing algae-a few different species of a class of plankton called dinoflagellates. When the weather and water conditions cause these blooms, shellfish such as clams living in the area develop dangerous levels of a paralysis-inducing toxin. In Massachusetts, the Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF) monitors levels of the toxin in shellfish by regular sampling of shellfish along the coastline. If the mean level of toxin in clams exceeds 800渭驳(micrograms) of toxin per kg of clam meat in any area, clam harvesting is banned there until the bloom is over and levels of toxin in clams subside. Describe both a TypeI and a Type IIerror in this context, and state which error has the greater consequence.

A statistics instructor believes that fewer than 20% of Evergreen Valley College (EVC) students attended the opening midnight showing of the latest Harry Potter movie. She surveys 84 of her students and finds that 11 of them attended the midnight showing. The Type I error is to conclude that the percent of EVC students who attended is ________.

a. at least 20%, when in fact, it is less than 20%.

b. 20%, when in fact, it is 20%.

c. less than20%, when in fact, it is at least 20%.

d. less than 20%, when in fact, it is less than 20%.

"William Shakespeare: The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark," by Jacqueline Ghodsi THE CHARACTERS (in order of appearance):

鈥� HAMLET, Prince of Denmark and student of Statistics

鈥� POLONIUS, Hamlet鈥檚 tutor

鈥� HOROTIO, friend to Hamlet and fellow student

Scene: The great library of the castle, in which Hamlet does his lessons

Act I

(The day is fair, but the face of Hamlet is clouded. He paces the large room. His tutor, Polonius, is reprimanding Hamlet regarding the latter鈥檚 recent experience. Horatio is seated at the large table at right stage.)

POLONIUS: My Lord, how cans鈥檛 thou admit that thou hast seen a ghost! It is but a figment of your imagination!

HAMLET: I beg to differ; I know of a certainty that five-and-seventy in one hundred of us, condemned to the whips and scorns of time as we are, have gazed upon a spirit of health, or goblin damn鈥檇, be their intents wicked or charitable.

POLONIUS If thou doest insist upon thy wretched vision then let me invest your time; be true to thy work and speak to me through the reason of the null and alternate hypotheses. (He turns to Horatio.) Did not Hamlet himself say, 鈥淲hat piece of work is man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties? Then let not this foolishness persist. Go, Horatio, make a survey of three-and-sixty and discover what the true proportion be. For my part, I will never succumb to this fantasy, but deem man to be devoid of all reason should thy proposal of at least five-and-seventy in one hundred hold true.

HORATIO (to Hamlet): What should we do, my Lord?

HAMLET: Go to thy purpose, Horatio.

HORATIO: To what end, my Lord?

HAMLET: That you must teach me. But let me conjure you by the rights of our fellowship, by the consonance of our youth, but the obligation of our ever-preserved love, be even and direct with me, whether I am right or no.

(Horatio exits, followed by Polonius, leaving Hamlet to ponder alone.)

Act II

(The next day, Hamlet awaits anxiously the presence of his friend, Horatio. Polonius enters and places some books upon the table just a moment before Horatio enters.)

POLONIUS: So, Horatio, what is it thou didst reveal through thy deliberations?

HORATIO: In a random survey, for which purpose thou thyself sent me forth, I did discover that one-and-forty believe fervently that the spirits of the dead walk with us. Before my God, I might not this believe, without the sensible and true avouch of mine own eyes.

POLONIUS: Give thine own thoughts no tongue, Horatio. (Polonius turns to Hamlet.) But look to鈥檛 I charge you, my Lord. Come Horatio, let us go together, for this is not our test. (Horatio and Polonius leave together.)

HAMLET: To reject, or not reject, that is the question: whether 鈥榯is nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous statistics, or to take arms against a sea of data, and, by opposing, end them. (Hamlet resignedly attends to his task.)

(Curtain falls)

Determine both TypeIand TypeIIerrors for the following scenario:

Assume a null hypothesis,H0, that states the percentage of adults with jobs is at least 88%.

Identify the TypeIand Type IIerrors from these four statements.

a. Not to reject the null hypothesis that the percentage of adults who have jobs is at least 88%when that percentage is actually less than 88%

b. Not to reject the null hypothesis that the percentage of adults who have jobs is at least 88%when the percentage is actually at least 88%.

c. Reject the null hypothesis that the percentage of adults who have jobs is at least 88%when the percentage is actually at least 88%.

d. Reject the null hypothesis that the percentage of adults who have jobs is at least 88%when that percentage is actually less than 88%.
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