91影视

"Japanese Girls鈥� Names"

by Kumi Furuichi

It used to be very typical for Japanese girls鈥� names to end with 鈥渒o.鈥� (The trend might have started around my

grandmothers鈥� generation and its peak might have been around my mother鈥檚 generation.) 鈥淜o鈥� means 鈥渃hild鈥� in Chinese characters. Parents would name their daughters with 鈥渒o鈥� attaching to other Chinese characters which have meanings that they want their daughters to become, such as Sachiko鈥攈appy child, Yoshiko鈥攁 good child, Yasuko鈥攁 healthy child, and so on.

However, I noticed recently that only two out of nine of my Japanese girlfriends at this school have names which end with 鈥渒o.鈥� More and more, parents seem to have become creative, modernized, and, sometimes, westernized in naming their children.

I have a feeling that, while 70 percent or more of my mother鈥檚 generation would have names with 鈥渒o鈥� at the end,

the proportion has dropped among my peers. I wrote down all my Japanese friends鈥�, ex-classmates鈥�, co-workers, and

acquaintances鈥� names that I could remember. Following are the names. (Some are repeats.) Test to see if the proportion has

dropped for this generation.

Ai, Akemi, Akiko, Ayumi, Chiaki, Chie, Eiko, Eri, Eriko, Fumiko, Harumi, Hitomi, Hiroko, Hiroko, Hidemi, Hisako,

Hinako, Izumi, Izumi, Junko, Junko, Kana, Kanako, Kanayo, Kayo, Kayoko, Kazumi, Keiko, Keiko, Kei, Kumi, Kumiko,

Kyoko, Kyoko, Madoka, Maho, Mai, Maiko, Maki, Miki, Miki, Mikiko, Mina, Minako, Miyako, Momoko, Nana, Naoko,

Naoko, Naoko, Noriko, Rieko, Rika, Rika, Rumiko, Rei, Reiko, Reiko, Sachiko, Sachiko, Sachiyo, Saki, Sayaka, Sayoko,

Sayuri, Seiko, Shiho, Shizuka, Sumiko, Takako, Takako, Tomoe, Tomoe, Tomoko, Touko, Yasuko, Yasuko, Yasuyo, Yoko, Yoko, Yoko, Yoshiko, Yoshiko, Yoshiko, Yuka, Yuki, Yuki, Yukiko, Yuko, Yuko.

Suppose the null hypothesis, ${\mathrm{H}}_0$, is: a patient is not sick. Which type of error has the greater consequence, Type $\mathrm{I}$or Type$\mathrm{II}$?

"Red tide" is a bloom of poison-producing algae-a few different species of a class of plankton called dinoflagellates. When the weather and water conditions cause these blooms, shellfish such as clams living in the area develop dangerous levels of a paralysis-inducing toxin. In Massachusetts, the Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF) monitors levels of the toxin in shellfish by regular sampling of shellfish along the coastline. If the mean level of toxin in clams exceeds $800\mathrm{渭驳}$(micrograms) of toxin per kg of clam meat in any area, clam harvesting is banned there until the bloom is over and levels of toxin in clams subside. Describe both a Type$\mathrm{I}$ and a Type $\mathrm{II}$error in this context, and state which error has the greater consequence.

Toastmasters International cites a report by Gallop Poll that 40% of Americans fear public speaking. A student believes that less than 40% of students at her school fear public speaking. She randomly surveys 361 schoolmates and finds that 135 report they fear public speaking. Conduct a hypothesis test to determine if the percent at her school is less than 40%.

Determine both Type$\mathrm{I}$and Type$\mathrm{II}$errors for the following scenario:

Assume a null hypothesis,${\mathrm{H}}_0$, that states the percentage of adults with jobs is at least $88\%$.

Identify the Type$\mathrm{I}$and Type $\mathrm{II}$errors from these four statements.

a. Not to reject the null hypothesis that the percentage of adults who have jobs is at least $88\%$when that percentage is actually less than $88\%$

b. Not to reject the null hypothesis that the percentage of adults who have jobs is at least $88\%$when the percentage is actually at least $88\%$.

c. Reject the null hypothesis that the percentage of adults who have jobs is at least $88\%$when the percentage is actually at least $88\%$.

d. Reject the null hypothesis that the percentage of adults who have jobs is at least $88\%$when that percentage is actually less than $88\%$.

Sixty-eight percent of online courses taught at community colleges nationwide were taught by full-time faculty. To test if 68% also represents California鈥檚 percent for full-time faculty teaching the online classes, Long Beach City College (LBCC) in California, was randomly selected for comparison. In the same year, 34 of the 44 online courses LBCC offered were taught by full-time faculty. Conduct a hypothesis test to determine if 68% represents California. NOTE: For more accurate results, use more California community colleges and this past year's data.

A normal distribution has a standard deviation of $1$.We want to verify a claim that the mean is greater than$12$.

A sample of $36$is taken with a sample mean of$12.5$.

$H_0:渭鈮�12$

$H_a:渭>12$

The$p$-value is$0.0013$.

Draw a graph that shows the$p$-value.