/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 30 Library Audio Books Suppose a co... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 12: Problem 30

Library Audio Books Suppose a college is deciding whether or not to allocate more resources to the purchase of audio books for the college library. Explain why the college might want to use a stratified sample rather than sampling the entire college before making a decision.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Stratified sampling would be more beneficial as it provides more specific and detailed insights into the different strata within the college population, including factors that might influence the usage of audio books. This should help the college make an informed decision.

Step by step solution

01

Define random sampling

Random sampling is a basic sampling technique where each item in a group (e.g. the entire college population) has an equal probability of being chosen. It is an unbiased representation of the group.
02

Define stratified sampling

Stratified sampling is a more refined method of sampling. The larger group (like the college population) is divided into smaller groups or 'strata' based on particular characteristics or patterns. The samples are then drawn from these strata proportional to their size or based on some other factor. Stratified sampling can increase precision without adding cost.
03

Discuss how the college can benefit from stratified sampling

In this case, the college could stratify the population into different strata like 'frequently borrows books', 'seldom borrows books', and 'never borrows books'. It could also stratify based on majors or years of study. Stratified sampling would give the college a clearer picture of which groups would utilize the audio books more. It would help the college make an informed decision regarding resource allocation for audio books, based on the requirements of different specific groups within the college.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Random Sampling
Understanding the basics of sampling methods is crucial, and random sampling is the foundation upon which other techniques are built. In random sampling, every individual within a population has an equal chance of being selected. This kind of unbiased approach is essential for general purpose surveys and research where the goal is to capture a true representation of the population's opinions or behaviors.

For instance, if a university wants to know the average study hours among students, random sampling would serve well because it reduces the possibility of bias and ensures that every student, irrespective of their course or year, could be included in the sample.
Sampling Techniques
Different research questions require different sampling techniques. Apart from random sampling, there are other methods such as systematic sampling, convenience sampling, and cluster sampling, to name a few. Each method has advantages and limitations depending on the context of the study. For example, convenience sampling, which involves selecting subjects who are easily accessible, might save time and resources but could introduce bias, leading to results that are not generalizable to the broader population.

Choosing the right sampling technique is a critical decision for researchers and can greatly affect the accuracy and applicability of their findings.
Population Stratification
Population stratification addresses the need for more nuanced data gathering by recognizing the diversity within a population. Stratifying, or dividing, a population into subgroups allows for more targeted sampling and can provide insights that might be lost in a broader analysis.

For instance, stratifying a college population based on factors like academic majors or extracurricular interests can reveal patterns and preferences that are particular to those subgroups. This is especially useful in situations where aggregate results could be misleading or where some segments of the population may have different characteristics or needs.
Resource Allocation
Decisions about resource allocation can benefit greatly from informed research, particularly when conducted using stratified sampling. By understanding the specific needs and preferences of different segments within a population, organizations can allocate resources more effectively and efficiently.

For a college considering the expansion of audio books in their library, a stratified sample could identify which departments or groups of students would most benefit from these resources. This targeted approach to resource allocation helps avoid wasteful spending and maximizes the impact of investments on the community served.
Audio Books in Education
The use of audio books in education can be a valuable tool, catering to diverse learning styles and accessibility needs. They allow students to engage with the material in a different format and can be especially beneficial for auditory learners or those with visual impairments or reading difficulties.

Understanding which groups within a college setting are most likely to use audio books can guide the decision on whether to expand the institution's collection. Stratified sampling ensures that the needs of all students are considered, particularly those who may benefit disproportionately from audio books, such as language learners or students with specific educational accommodations.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Stroke Therapy In a 2018 study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Johnston et al. studied the effect of a combination of the drug clopidogrel and aspirin on reducing the rate of recurrent stroke among stroke patients. Stroke patients in the study were randomly assigned to receive clopidogrel and aspirin \((n=2432)\) or a placebo and aspirin \((n=2449)\). Of those receiving clopidogrel and aspirin, 121 had another stroke. Of those receiving the placebo and aspirin, 159 had another stroke. Researchers concluded that patients with minor ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA who received a combination of clopidogrel and aspirin had a lower risk of having another stroke. a. Compare the percentage in each group who had another stroke. Based on these percentages, does it seem like clopidogrel might be effective in reducing the risk of recurrent stroke? b. Was this a controlled experiment or an observational study? c. Identify the treatment and response variables. d. State the conclusion in terms of cause and effect or explain why cause-and- effect conclusions cannot be drawn from this study.

Sugary Drinks and Brain Health An April 2017 headline from the nytimes.com said "Sugary Drinks Tied to Accelerated Brain Aging." Is this headline more likely to refer to a controlled experiment or an observational study? Explain.

Fish Consumption and Arthritis A 2017 study reported in the Harvard Health Blog investigated the association between fish consumption and disease activity in 176 rheumatoid arthritis patients (Tedeschi et al. 2017). Frequency of fish consumption was assessed through a questionnaire. Researchers found that participants who consumed fish at least two times per week showed significantly lower disease activity (in other words, less inf lammation associated with the disease) than participants who consumed never or less than one time per month. Does this study show that fish consumption causes lower disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients? Explain.

Ketamine and Social Anxiety Disorder (Example 7) According to the National Institute of Mental Health, Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a mental health disorder that affects up to \(7 \%\) of the population of the United States. Because many SAD patients experience inadequate symptom relief with available treatments, researchers in this study investigated the use of ketamine to treat SAD patients (Taylor et al. 2018 ). Read the following excerpts from the study abstract and evaluate the study using the given questions. Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial in 18 adults with Social Anxiety Disorder and compared the effects between intravenous ketamine and placebo on social phobia symptoms. Ketamine and placebo infusions were administered in a random order with a 28 -day washout period between infusions. Ratings of anxiety were assessed 3 -hours post-infusion and followed for 14 days. Outcomes were blinded ratings on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) and self-reported anxiety on a visual analog scale (VAS-Anxiety). Results: We found ketamine resulted in a significantly greater reduction in anxiety relative to placebo on the LSAS \((p=0.01)\) but not the VAS-Anxiety \((p=0.95)\). Participants were significantly more likely to exhibit a treatment response after ketamine infusion relative to placebo in the first 2 weeks following infusion measured on the LSAS \((33.33 \%\) response ketamine vs \(0 \%\) response placebo, \(p=0.025\) ) and VAS \((88.89 \%\) response ketamine vs \(52.94 \%\) response placebo, \(p=0.034)\). Conclusion: This trial provides initial evidence that ketamine may be effective in reducing anxiety.

What Would Batman Do? Researchers have found that psychological distance from our current situation facilitates selfcontrol and allows individuals to transcend urgencies of a situation by taking a more distanced perspective. Executive function refers to higher-order regulatory processes such as inhibition and working memory. In this study published in the journal Developmental Science, researchers investigated the relationship between psychological distance and executive function in pre-school children (White and Carlson 2015). Read the following excerpts from the study abstract and evaluate the study using the given questions. Method: Three-year old \((n=48)\) and 5 -year old \((n=48)\) children were randomly assigned to one of four manipulations of distance from self and asked to perform several tasks that assessed executive function (EF). The four groups were: 1 ) self-immersed, in which children were told to focus on what they are thinking and how they feel when the task got hard, 2) Third person, in which children were told to talk to themselves using their own name when the task got hard, 3 ) Exemplar, in which children were told to pretend they were someone else who would be really good at the task, like Batman, Dora the Explorer, Bob the Builder, or Rapunzel, and the children put on costume props before completing the task, and 4) a control group, in which children were given no instruction regarding distance from self before performing the task. Results: Five-year-olds benefited from taking a self-distanced perspective on an executive function task through third person self-talk as well as taking the perspective of an exemplar other, such as Batman. Three-year-olds did not show increased EF performance as a function of greater distance from self. Conclusion: The current study revealed the power of self-distancing to facilitate reflective, goal-directed action in the context of a cool EF task for young children. Children's ability to improve EF by mentally transcending their context underscores the critical role that representational capacities play in the development of self-control.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

Geometry

Read Explanation

Probability and Statistics

Read Explanation

Discrete Mathematics

Read Explanation

Applied Mathematics

Read Explanation

Decision Maths

Read Explanation

Mechanics Maths

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.