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Chapter 1: Problem 8

Explain the meaning of an element, a variable, an observation, and a data set.

Short Answer

Expert verified
An element is the test subject in a data set. A variable is a characteristic that can change, an observation is the recorded value of that variable for an element, and a data set is a collection of related elements, variables, and their observations.

Step by step solution

01

Explanation of an Element

An element is the entity on which variables are measured. In a data set, each element is the subject of the study or observation. For example, in a class of students, each student can be considered an element.
02

Explanation of a Variable

A variable, often denoted by letters like \(x\), \(y\), \(z\), etc., refers to the characteristic, number, or quantity that can vary or change. Every data set contains one or more variables. For instance, variables for a study on students could include age, grade level, GPA, etc.
03

Explanation of an Observation

An observation in statistics corresponds to the recorded or observed value of a particular variable for an element. For example, if the variable is 'Age', then '20' might be an observation.
04

Explanation of a Data Set

A data set is a collection of related information composed of separate elements which can be manipulated as a unit in different ways. In statistics, a data set usually consists of a list of elements, a set of variables about these elements, and a set of observed values for each variable.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Indicate which of the following variables are quantitative and which are qualitative. a. Number of persons in a family b. Colors of cars c. Marital status of people d. Time to commute from home to work e. Number of errors in a person's credit report

Briefly explain the types of statistics.

Briefly describe the two meanings of the word statistics.

The following table gives the number of dog bites reported to the police last year in six cities. Briefly explain the meaning of a member, a variable, a measurement, and a data set with reference to this table.

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