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Chapter 1: Problem 2

Give a brief definition of the terms population and sample.

Short Answer

Expert verified
A 'population' is the entire set of observations that can be made, it's the whole group being studied. A 'sample' is a subset of the population, selected to represent the population as a whole for analysis and inference.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Population

The term 'Population' in statistics refers to the complete set of observations or data points that can be made. It's the entire group that one is interested in, and wishes to study or draw conclusions about. Population can refer to people, objects, events, hospital visits, measurements, etc. Depending on the context.
02

Definition of Sample

A 'sample' in statistics is a selection or subset of the population, collected to represent, analyze, and draw conclusions about the population as a whole. It's a manageable and practical way of examining a subset of data points from the population to identify patterns or findings that may be applicable to the population.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Data from a poll conducted by Travelocity led to the following estimates: Approximately \(40 \%\) of travelers check work email while on vacation, about \(33 \%\) take cell phones on vacation in order to stay connected with work, and about \(25 \%\) bring a laptop computer on vacation (San Luis Obispo Tribune, December 1, 2005). Are the given percentages population values or were they computed from a sample?

The article "Americans Drowsy on the Job and the Road" (Associated Press, March 28, 2001) summarized data from the 2001 Sleep in America poll. Each individual in a sample of 1004 adults was asked questions about his or her sleep habits. The article states that " 40 percent of those surveyed say they get sleepy on the job and their work suffers at least a few days each month, while 22 percent said the problems occur a few days each week. And 7 percent say sleepiness on the job is a daily occurrence." Assuming that everyone else reported that sleepiness on the job was not a problem, summarize the given information by constructing a relative frequency bar chart.

The article "Just How Safe Is That Jet?" (USA Today, March 13,2000 ) gave the following relative frequency distribution that summarized data on the type of violation for fines imposed on airlines by the Federal Aviation Administration: $$ \begin{array}{lc} \text { Type of Violation } & \text { Relative Frequency } \\ \hline \text { Security } & .43 \\ \text { Maintenance } & .39 \\ \text { Flight operations } & .06 \\ \text { Hazardous materials } & .03 \\ \text { Other } & .09 \\ & \\ \hline \end{array} $$ Use this information to construct a bar chart for type of violation, and then write a sentence or two commenting on the relative occurrence of the various types of violation.

For the following numerical attributes, state whether each is discrete or continuous. a. The length of a 1 -year-old rattlesnake b. The altitude of a location in California selected randomly by throwing a dart at a map of the state c. The distance from the left edge at which a 12 -in. plastic ruler snaps when bent sufficiently to break d. The price per gallon paid by the next customer to buy gas at a particular station

Nonresponse is a common problem facing researchers who rely on mail questionnaires. In the paper "Reasons for Nonresponse on the Physicians' Practice Survey" ( 1980 Proceedings of the Section on Social Statistics \([1980]: 202), 811\) doctors who did not respond to the AMA Survey of Physicians were contacted about the reason for their nonparticipation. The results are summarized in the accompanying relative frequency distribution. Draw the corresponding bar chart. $$ \begin{array}{lc} \text { Reason } & \begin{array}{l} \text { Relative } \\ \text { Frequency } \end{array} \\ \hline \text { 1. No time to participate } & .264 \\ \text { 2. Not interested } & .300 \\ \text { 3. Don't like surveys in general } & .145 \\ \text { 4. Don't like this particular survey } & .025 \\ \text { 5. Hostility toward the government } & .054 \\ \text { 6. Desire to protect privacy } & .056 \\ \text { 7. Other reason for refusal } & .053 \\ \text { 8. No reason given } & .103 \\ \hline \end{array} $$
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