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Use your GDC to estimate the limit, and b) use analytic methods to evaluate the limit. $$\text { Show that } \lim _{h \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sqrt{x+h}-\sqrt{x}}{h}=\frac{1}{2 \sqrt{x}}$$.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The limit is \( \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} \).

Step by step solution

01

Use the GDC to Estimate the Limit

To estimate the limit with a Graphical Display Calculator (GDC), substitute small positive values for \( h \) like \( h = 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 \) into the expression \( \frac{\sqrt{x+h}-\sqrt{x}}{h} \) while setting \( x \) to a specific value, e.g., \( x = 1 \). Calculate these values to observe the behavior as \( h \) approaches zero. Generally, the answers should be increasingly closer to \( \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} \) as \( h \) gets smaller.
02

Rationalize the Numerator

To analytically evaluate the limit, multiply the numerator and the denominator of \( \frac{\sqrt{x+h}-\sqrt{x}}{h} \) by the conjugate of the numerator, \( \sqrt{x+h} + \sqrt{x} \). This is derived as follows:\[\frac{\sqrt{x+h} - \sqrt{x}}{h} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{x+h} + \sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x+h} + \sqrt{x}} = \frac{(x+h) - x}{h(\sqrt{x+h}+\sqrt{x})}\] which simplifies to \[\frac{h}{h(\sqrt{x+h} + \sqrt{x})}\].
03

Simplify the Expression

In the expression \( \frac{h}{h(\sqrt{x+h} + \sqrt{x})} \), cancel the \( h \) terms:\[\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+h} + \sqrt{x}}\].
04

Evaluate the Limit

Now as \( h \rightarrow 0 \), the expression \( \sqrt{x+h} \) approaches \( \sqrt{x} \). Thus:\[\lim_{h \to 0} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x+h} + \sqrt{x}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{x}} = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\].

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Graphical Display Calculator
Graphical Display Calculators (GDCs) are powerful tools that allow students to estimate limits by visualizing how functions behave as certain variables approach specific values. When using a GDC to approximate limits, you can directly input expressions and watch how their values change for sequences converging to a point of interest.

In this case, you're estimating the limit \( \lim_{h \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sqrt{x+h}-\sqrt{x}}{h} \). To do this with a GDC:
  • Set "\(x\)" to a real number, e.g., 1.
  • Substitute progressively smaller values for \(h\), like 0.1, 0.01, 0.001.
  • Observe the values output for the expression \(\frac{\sqrt{x+h}-\sqrt{x}}{h}\).
As \(h\) gets smaller, the results on your GDC should approach \(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\). This tool helps you visualize and understand how the expression behaves, making the concept of limits more intuitive.
Analytic Methods
Analytic methods for evaluating limits go beyond approximations to calculate exact values. By manipulating algebraic expressions systematically, you can rigorously prove limit results. The goal is to handle the algebraic form directly to simplify or transform it until a limit can be assessed.

For the problem at hand, start with:\( \frac{\sqrt{x+h}-\sqrt{x}}{h} \)Analytically, we need to clear out the indeterminate form ("0/0") as \(h\) approaches zero. Such manipulation requires deeper understanding of algebra and calculus operations like rationalization and simplification.
Rationalizing the Numerator
Rationalizing is a crucial step in eliminating indeterminacies when evaluating limits involving radicals. By multiplying by a form of 1, often using the conjugate, we can simplify expressions to solve limits analytically.

In this scenario, you rationalize the numerator of\( \frac{\sqrt{x+h}-\sqrt{x}}{h} \)by multiplying both the numerator and the denominator by the conjugate:\( \sqrt{x+h}+\sqrt{x} \).This leads to:\[ \frac{(x+h) - x}{h(\sqrt{x+h}+\sqrt{x})} = \frac{h}{h(\sqrt{x+h}+\sqrt{x})} \]Where the \(h\) terms cancel each other out, simplifying to\( \frac{1}{\sqrt{x+h} + \sqrt{x}} \).

By allowing \(h\) to approach 0, this expression simplifies to the desired limit, showcasing how rationalization clears up the original indeterminate form and helps in finding the exact solution \( \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} \). This process is key to mastering calculus methods for solving limits.

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