/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 4 Compute the products. Some of th... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91Ó°ÊÓ

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Compute the products. Some of these may be undefined.Exercises marked I should be done using technology. The others should be done two ways: by hand and by using technology where possible. \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}-1 & 1\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{l}\frac{3}{4} \\\ \frac{1}{4}\end{array}\right]\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The product of the given matrices is a 1x1 matrix: \[ AB = \left[\begin{array}{ll}\frac{-2}{4}\end{array}\right]\]

Step by step solution

01

Check matrix dimensions for compatibility

To multiply two matrices, the number of columns in the first matrix must be equal to the number of rows in the second matrix. The dimensions of the first matrix are 1x2 (1 row and 2 columns) and the dimensions of the second matrix are 2x1 (2 rows and 1 column). Since the number of columns in the first matrix equals the number of rows in the second matrix, these matrices can be multiplied.
02

Multiply the matrices by hand

Let's call the first matrix A and the second matrix B. To find the product AB, we will multiply each element in the first row of matrix A by the corresponding element in the first column of matrix B and sum the products: \[ AB = \left[\begin{array}{ll}-1 & 1\end{array}\right] \left[\begin{array}{l}\frac{3}{4} \\\ \frac{1}{4}\end{array}\right] = -1*\frac{3}{4} + 1*\frac{1}{4} = -\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{4} \] The product AB is a 1x1 matrix: \[ AB = \left[\begin{array}{ll}\frac{-2}{4}\end{array}\right]\]
03

Multiply the matrices using technology

By using a calculator or software such as MATLAB or Python, we enter the two matrices and compute the product: ```python import numpy as np A = np.array([[-1, 1]]) B = np.array([[3/4], [1/4]]) AB = np.dot(A, B) print(AB) ``` This will output the same 1x1 matrix as obtained in the step 2: \[ AB = \left[\begin{array}{ll}\frac{-2}{4}\end{array}\right]\] #Conclusion# The product of the given matrices is a 1x1 matrix: \[ AB = \left[\begin{array}{ll}\frac{-2}{4}\end{array}\right]\]

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Matrix Dimensions
Understanding matrix dimensions is crucial before attempting to multiply matrices. The dimensions of a matrix refer to the number of rows and columns it contains, often denoted as 'm x n' where 'm' is the number of rows and 'n' is the number of columns. The rule for matrix multiplication states that the operation is only possible when the number of columns in the first matrix is equal to the number of rows in the second matrix. This is known as the inner dimensions. They must match for the operation to be defined.

When computing \( AB \), where \( A \) is a matrix with dimensions 1x2 and \( B \) has dimensions 2x1, the inner dimensions are the same (the 2), permitting the multiplication. The result will be a new matrix with the outer dimensions of the original matrices, in this case, 1x1. As an educator, I would advise students to always write down the dimensions of matrices they are about to multiply to ensure they don't overlook this crucial step.
Multiplying Matrices by Hand
Once you're sure that the matrices can be multiplied, it's time to dive into multiplying matrices by hand. Doing this can deepen your understanding of the underlying mathematics. To multiply two matrices by hand, perform the dot product of rows and columns - multiply corresponding elements and sum up those products. This is done for each cell in the resulting matrix.

The multiplication of matrix \( A \) (\( -1, 1 \) ) and matrix \( B \) ( \(\frac{3}{4}, \frac{1}{4} \)) yields a single-element matrix because we only have one row from \( A \) and one column from \( B \). The calculation entails multiplying the first element of \( A \) with the first element of \( B \), and the second element of \( A \) with the second element of \( B \) and then adding them together. The step-by-step guide above demonstrates this principle clearly. For complex multiplications, drawing a grid or using color coding can be helpful strategies to keep track of calculations.
Mathematical Software Tools
When matrices become large or complex, calculating products by hand becomes impractical. This is where mathematical software tools come into play. These tools allow for quick and accurate matrix computations with minimal user effort involved. Examples of such tools include MATLAB, NumPy in Python, Mathematica, and others.

Using NumPy in Python, as shown in the example, involves creating array objects for our matrices and then utilizing the dot function to compute the product. The beauty of such technology is that it can handle any size of matrix multiplication as long as it's mathematically permissible. Moreover, these tools can perform a wide range of operations besides multiplication, such as inversion, transposition, and solving linear equations.

For educational purposes, I recommend that students first learn to multiply matrices by hand to understand the process before relying on software to reinforce the concept and handle larger matrices.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Evaluate the given expression. Take \(A=\left[\begin{array}{rrr}1 & -1 & 0 \\\ 0 & 2 & -1\end{array}\right], B=\left[\begin{array}{rrr}3 & 0 & -1 \\ 5 & -1 & 1\end{array}\right]\), and \(C=\left[\begin{array}{lll}x & 1 & w \\ z & r & 4\end{array}\right] .\) $$ B-C $$

Evaluate the given expression. Take$$\begin{aligned}&A=\left[\begin{array}{rr}0 & -1 \\\1 & 0 \\\\-1 & 2 \end{array}\right], B=\left[\begin{array}{rr}0.25 & -1 \\\0 & 0.5 \\\\-1 & 3\end{array}\right], \text { and } \\\&C=\left[\begin{array}{rr}1 & -1 \\\1 & 1 \\\\-1 & -1\end{array}\right].\end{aligned}$$ $$ A+B-C $$

Find: (a) the optimal mixed row strategy; (b) the optimal mixed column strategy, and (c) the expected value of the game in the event that each player uses his or her optimal mixed strategy. $$ P=\left[\begin{array}{rr} -1 & 0 \\ 1 & -1 \end{array}\right] $$

Resource Allocation The Arctic Juice Company makes three juice blends: PineOrange, using 2 quarts of pineapple juice and 2 quarts of orange juice per gallon; PineKiwi, using 3 quarts of pineapple juice and 1 quart of kiwi juice per gallon; and OrangeKiwi, using 3 quarts of orange juice and 1 quart of kiwi juice per gallon. The amount of each kind of juice the company has on hand varies from day to day. How many gallons of each blend can it make on a day with the following stocks? a. 800 quarts of pineapple juice, 650 quarts of orange juice, 350 quarts of kiwi juice. b. 650 quarts of pineapple juice, 800 quarts of orange juice, 350 quarts of kiwi juice. c. \(A\) quarts of pineapple juice, \(B\) quarts of orange juice, \(C\) quarts of kiwi juice.

In 1980 the U.S. population, broken down by regions, was \(49.1\) million in the Northeast, \(58.9\) million in the Midwest, \(75.4\) million in the South, and \(43.2\) million in the West. \({ }^{3}\) In 1990 the population was \(50.8\) million in the Northeast, \(59.7\) million in the Midwest, \(85.4\) million in the South, and \(52.8\) million in the West. Set up the population figures for each year as a row vector, and then show how to use matrix operations to find the net increase or decrease of population in each region from 1980 to 1990 .

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