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Determine the vertical and horizontal asymptotes and sketch the graph of the rational function \(F\). Label all intercepts and asymptotes. $$F(x)=\frac{-2}{x^{2}-4}$$

Short Answer

Expert verified
The vertical asymptotes of the function \(F(x)=\frac{-2}{x^{2}-4}\) are \(x = -2\) and \(x = 2\). The horizontal asymptote is \(y = 0\). The function does not have any x-intercepts but it does intercept the y-axis at \(y = \frac{1}{2}\). The function is negative for all real x.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Vertical Asymptotes

For a rational function of the form \(F(x)=\frac{P(x)}{Q(x)}\), vertical asymptotes occur at the values of x for which Q(x) equals zero, provided P(x) does not also equal zero at these values. Therefore, for the function \(F(x)=\frac{-2}{x^{2}-4}\), set the denominator equal to zero and solve. Thus, \(x^{2}-4 = 0\) simplifies to \(x^{2} = 4\), which gives us \(x = -2, 2\). So, the vertical asymptotes are \(x = -2\) and \(x = 2\).
02

Identify the Horizontal Asymptotes

For the given rational function \(F(x)=\frac{-2}{x^{2}-4}\), it is observed that the degree of the polynomial in the denominator is greater than the degree of the polynomial in the numerator. In this case, the x-axis (y=0) serves as the horizontal asymptote as x approaches positive or negative infinity.
03

Identify the Intercepts

The x-intercepts of the function are the values of x for which \(F(x) = 0\). But this function will never equal zero due to the constant in the numerator. The y-intercept occurs when \(x = 0\). Substituting \(x = 0\) into \(F(x)\), we get \(F(0)=\frac{-2}{0^{2}-4} = \frac{1}{2}\) so the y-intercept is at \(y = \frac{1}{2}\)
04

Sketch the Graph

With the intercepts and asymptotes clearly labelled, draw the graph of \(F(x)=\frac{-2}{x^{2}-4}\). The graph should intersect the y-axis at \(y = \frac{1}{2}\). The graph should approach but never reach the vertical asymptotes \(x=-2\) and \(x=2\) and the horizontal asymptote \(y=0\). The function is negative for all values of x, so the graph lies below the x-axis.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Vertical Asymptotes
Vertical asymptotes are critical in understanding the behavior of rational functions as they describe points where the function tends to infinity. To determine the vertical asymptotes of a rational function like
\(F(x)=\frac{-2}{x^{2}-4}\), we solve for the values of \(x\) that make the denominator zero, which are not canceled by the numerator also being zero. In this case, when setting \(x^{2}-4 = 0\), the solutions are \(x = -2\) and \(x = 2\). At these \(x\)-values, the function cannot be defined, hence \(x=-2\) and \(x=2\) are the vertical asymptotes of the function.
When graphing, the line will approach these \(x\)-values but never cross them. The understanding of vertical asymptotes is significant as it helps prevent misunderstandings in the domains of rational functions.
Horizontal Asymptotes
Horizontal asymptotes provide a way to visualize the behavior of a function as \(x\) gets extremely large or small. For a rational function \(F(x)=\frac{-2}{x^{2}-4}\), the degree of the denominator exceeds the degree of the numerator, which means the horizontal asymptote is the \(x\)-axis itself, or \(y=0\).
This indicates that as \(x\) grows larger in magnitude, the value of \(F(x)\) gets closer and closer to zero. However, it is important to note that the function doesn't actually reach zero, except at infinity. This key concept helps students anticipate the end behavior of the function without having to plot every point.
Graphing Rational Functions
Graphing rational functions involves a few key steps, and obtaining a clear picture of how the function behaves across its entire domain is essential. For the function \(F(x)=\frac{-2}{x^{2}-4}\), after identifying vertical and horizontal asymptotes, one must consider the intercepts.
With the asymptotes and intercepts marked, plot the points and draw a curve that approaches the asymptotes without touching or crossing them. The curve's direction is influenced by the sign of the function; for \(F(x)\), since it is negative for all \(x\), it means our graph will be below the \(x\)-axis. Graphing rational functions requires careful consideration of these elements to accurately represent the function's characteristics.
Precalculus Intercepts
Intercepts are the points where the graph of a function crosses the axes and are foundational in sketching the shape of a function's graph. For the function \(F(x)=\frac{-2}{x^{2}-4}\), we see that there are no \(x\)-intercepts because the numerator is a non-zero constant, which means the function's value can never be zero.
The y-intercept is found by setting \(x=0\) and solving for \(F(0)\), giving us a single point where the graph will cross the \(y\)-axis at \(y=\frac{1}{2}\). Recognizing intercepts is crucial as they provide starting points for plotting the function and understanding its behavior at and around the axis of the graph.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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