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Chapter 1: Q 8. (page 32)

Identify and explain the significance of the three basic principles of experimental design.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Control, Randomization, and Replication are the three basic principles of experimental design.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Given information.

The given statement is:

Identify and explain the significance of the three basic principles of experimental design.

02

Step 2. Significance of the basic principles of experimental design. 

Experimental Design is based on three key principles:

  1. Control: Comparison of two or more treatments:
  2. Randomization. To avoid inadvertent selection bias when forming the groups, the experimental units should be divided into groups at random.
  3. Replication: A sufficient number of experimental units should be utilized to ensure that randomization produces results that are closely similar to one another and to improve the possibilities of identifying differences between treatments.

The rules of experimental design allow a researcher to infer that variations in an experiment's outcomes that are not fairly due to chance are most likely caused by the treatments.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The members of a population have been numbered 1-500. A sample of size 9 is to be taken from the population, using systematic random sampling.

(a) Apply Procedure 1.1 on page 17 to determine the sample (i.e., the numbers corresponding to the members of the population that are included in the sample).

(b) Suppose that, in Step 2 of Procedure 1.1, the random number chosen is 48 (i.e., k = 48). Determine the sample.

In a designed experiment,

(a) what are the experimental units?

(b) if the experimental units are humans, what term is often used in place of experimental units?

Nonresponse. When responses are not obtained from some of the individuals in the sample because either those individuals cannot be reached or refuse to participate, we have nonresponse bias.

(a) Discuss some of the dangers of nonresponse.

(b) Many sample surveys that are reported in the media have rates as low as 10%. Explain the consequences of such low response rates in trying to generalize the results to the entire population.

Oklahoma State Officials. The five top Oklahoma state officials are displayed in Table 1.2 on page 11. Use that table to solve the following problems.

(a). List the 10 possible samples (without replacement) of size 3 that can be obtained from the population of five officials.

(b). If a simple random sampling procedure is used to obtain a sample of three officials, what are the chances that it is the first sample on your list in part (a)? the second sample? the tenth sample?

The members of a population have been numbered 1-372. A sample of size 5 is to be taken from the population, using systematic random sampling.

(a) Apply Procedure 1.1 on page 17 to determine the sample ( i.e .. the numbers corresponding to the members of the population that are included in the sample ).

(b) Suppose that, in Step 2 of Procedure 1.1, the random number chosen is 10 ( i.e., k = 10 ). Determine the sample.
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