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Chapter 1: Q 1.82. (page 29)
State and explain the significance of the three basic principles of experimental design.
Control, Randomization, and Replication are the three basic principles of experimental design.
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Adverse Effects of Prozac. Prozac ( fluoxetine hydrochloride ), a product of Eli Lilly and Company, is used for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD ), and bulimia nervosa. An issue of the magazine Arthritis Today contained an advertisement reporting on the " ... treatment-emergent adverse events that occurred in 2 % or more patients treated with Prozac and with incidence greater than placebo in the treatment of depression, OCD, or bulimia. " In the study, 2444 patients took Prozac and 1331 patients were given placebo. Identify the
(a) treatment group.
(b) control group.
(c) treatments.
Which of the following sampling procedures involve the use of probability sampling?
a . A college student is hired to interview a sample of voters in her town. She stays on campus and interviews 100 students in the cafeteria.
b . A pollster wants to interview 20 gas station managers in Balti more. He posts a list of all such managers on his wall, closes his eyes, and tosses a dart at the list 20 times. He interviews the people whose names the dart hits
In Exercises 1.92-1.97, we present descriptions of designed experiments. In each case, identify the
(a) experimental units
(b) response variable
(c) factor (s)
(d) levels of each factor:-
(e) treatments.
The Lion's Mane. In a study by P. M. West titled "The Lion's Mane" ( American Scientist, Vol. 93, No. 3, pp. 226-236), the effects of the mane of a male lion as a signal of quality to mates and rivals was explored. Four life-sized dummies of male lions provided a tool for testing female response to the unfamiliar lions whose manes varied by length (long or short) and color (blonde or dark). The female lions were observed to see whether they approached each of the four life-sized dummies.
Causes of Death. The National Center for Health Statistics published the following data on the leading causes of death in 2010 in National Vital Statistics Reports. Deaths are classified according to the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases.
Rates are per 100,000 population.
In Exercises 1.7-1.12, classify each of the studies as either descriptive or inferential. Explain your answers.
In-Demand College Majors. In a June 2013 article, published online by The Street, B. O'Connell discussed the results of a survey on opportunities for graduating college students. In one aspect of the survey, the following percentage estimates were reported on which college majors were in demand among U.S. firms. [SOURCE: "The Most In-Demand College Majors This Year." Published by Career-Builder, LLC, 2013.]
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