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Chapter 9: Q7CRE (page 414)

Braking Reaction Times: Normal? The accompanying normal quantile plot is obtained by using the braking reaction times of females listed in Exercise 6. Interpret this graph.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The normal quartile plot indicates that the data of braking reaction time of females is taken from the normal population.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

The normality plot for braking reaction times of females is given.

02

Describe the normal probability plot

A normal quartile plot maps observations against the z-scores to establish the normality among dataset.

Two conditions may follow:

  • If the observations are aligned in a straight line, they are taken from a normally distributed population.
  • If the observations are not aligned in a straight line, theyare taken from a non-normal population.
03

Interpret the normality plot

The green line depicts an approximate trend of the observations marked with blue dots.

All the observations either fall on the line or are very close to the line. Thus, the plot indicates that the underlying population of braking reaction timeforall females is normally distributed.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In Exercises 5鈥�20, assume that the two samples are independent simple random samples selected from normally distributed populations, and do not assume that the population standard deviations are equal. (Note: Answers in Appendix D include technology answers based on Formula 9-1 along with 鈥淭able鈥� answers based on Table A-3 with df equal to the smaller of\({n_1} - 1\)and\({n_2} - 1\).)Blanking Out on Tests Many students have had the unpleasant experience of panicking on a test because the first question was exceptionally difficult. The arrangement of test items was studied for its effect on anxiety. The following scores are measures of 鈥渄ebilitating test anxiety,鈥� which most of us call panic or blanking out (based on data from 鈥淚tem Arrangement, Cognitive Entry Characteristics, Sex and Test Anxiety as Predictors of Achievement in Examination Performance,鈥� by Klimko, Journal of Experimental Education, Vol. 52, No. 4.) Is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that the two populations of scores have different means? Is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that the arrangement of the test items has an effect on the score? Is the conclusion affected by whether the significance level is 0.05 or 0.01?

Questions Arranged from Easy to Difficult

24.64

39.29

16.32

32.83

28.02

33.31

20.60

21.13

26.69

28.9

26.43

24.23

7.10

32.86

21.06

28.89

28.71

31.73

30.02

21.96

25.49

38.81

27.85

30.29

30.72

Questions Arranged from Difficult to Easy

33.62

34.02

26.63

30.26

35.91

26.68

29.49

35.32

27.24

32.34

29.34

33.53

27.62

42.91

30.20

32.54

In Exercises 5鈥�20, assume that the two samples are independent simple random samples selected from normally distributed populations, and do not assume that the population standard deviations are equal. (Note: Answers in Appendix D include technology answers based on Formula 9-1 along with 鈥淭able鈥� answers based on Table A-3 with df equal to the smaller of\({n_1} - 1\)and\({n_2} - 1\).)

Are Male Professors and Female Professors Rated Differently?

a. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that two samples of course evaluation scores are from populations with the same mean. Use these summary statistics: Female professors:

n = 40, \(\bar x\)= 3.79, s = 0.51; male professors: n = 53, \(\bar x\) = 4.01, s = 0.53. (Using the raw data in Data Set 17 鈥淐ourse Evaluations鈥� will yield different results.)

b. Using the summary statistics given in part (a), construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the difference between the mean course evaluations score for female professors and male professors.

c. Example 1 used similar sample data with samples of size 12 and 15, and Example 1 led to the conclusion that there is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the null hypothesis.

Do the larger samples in this exercise affect the results much?

Hypothesis Tests and Confidence Intervals for Hemoglobin

a. Exercise 2 includes a confidence interval. If you use the P-value method or the critical value method from Part 1 of this section to test the claim that women and men have the same mean hemoglobin levels, will the hypothesis tests and the confidence interval result in the same conclusion?

b. In general, if you conduct a hypothesis test using the methods of Part 1 of this section, will the P-value method, the critical value method, and the confidence interval method result in the same conclusion?

c. Assume that you want to use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the mean haemoglobin level in women is lessthan the mean hemoglobin level in men. What confidence level should be used if you want to test that claim using a confidence interval?

A sample size that will ensure a margin of error of at most the one specified.

Find and interpret 95 % confidence interval for the proportion of all US adults who never clothes-shop online.
See all solutions

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