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Time-Series Graphs. In Exercises 9 and 10, construct the time-series graph.

Home Runs Listed below are the numbers of home runs in Major League Baseball for each year beginning with 1990 (listed in order by row). Is there a trend?

3317 3383 3038 4030 3306 4081 4962 4640 5064 5528 5693 5458 5059 5207 5451 5017 5386 4957 4878 5042 4613 4552 4934 4661

Short Answer

Expert verified

The following time-series graph is constructed for the number of home runs in Major League Baseball for the years 1990 to 2013.

It can be observed that there is an upward trend initially from the year 1990 till 2001.

After 2012, there is no major trend in the number of home runs as the values have increased and decreased abruptly.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

The data provided concerns the number of home runs in the Major Baseball League starting from the year 1990.

3317 3383 3038 4030 3306 4081 4962 4640 5064 5528 5693 5458 5059 5207 5451 5017 5386 4957 4878 5042 4613 4552 4934 4661

02

Describe time-series plot

A graphical representation of a time-based set of observations is known as a time series plot.

Time duration can be scaled on years or months, marked on the horizontal axis. The observations are plotted as observations on the graph, and then all of them are connected to form a trend line.

03

Sketch the time series plot

The following table shows the number of home runs for the years 1990 to 2013.

Number of Home Runs

3317

3383

3038

4030

3306

4081

Year

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

Number of Home Runs

4962

4640

5064

5528

5693

5458

Year

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Number of Home Runs

5059

5207

5451

5017

5386

4957

Year

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Number of Home Runs

4878

5042

4613

4552

4934

4661

Year

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

The steps to sketch the time-series plot are as follows:

  • Plot the values on the vertical axis starting from 2500 until 6000, with a gap of 500 units.
  • Plot the values on the horizontal axis starting from 1990 until 2012, with a gap of two years.
  • Mark the points on the graphs corresponding to the given year.
  • Join the points with a line.
  • Label the horizontal axis as 鈥淵ear鈥 and the vertical axis as 鈥淣umber of Home Runs.鈥

The following time-series graph is constructed:

04

Describe the trend from the plot

The trend is observed as an approximate change in the observations.

By observing the plot, it can be seen that the number of home runs first increases until the year 2001 and then becomes more or less constant.

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