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In Exercises 5鈥20, find the range, variance, and standard deviation for the given sample data. Include appropriate units (such as 鈥渕inutes鈥) in your results. (The same data were used in Section 3-1, where we found measures of center. Here we find measures of variation.) Then answer the given questions.

Football Player Weights Listed below are the weights in pounds of 11 players randomly selected from the roster of the Seattle Seahawks when they won Super Bowl XLVIII (the same players from the preceding exercise). Are the measures of variation likely to be typical of all NFL players?

189 254 235 225 190 305 195 202 190 252 305

Short Answer

Expert verified

The different measures of variation for the given sample are as follows:

  • The range is equal to 116.0 pounds.
  • The variance is equal to 1923.7 pounds squared.
  • The standard deviation is equal to 43.9 pounds.

The measure of variation cannot be considered typical of all NFL players as the sample is selected from the same team.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

Weights (in pounds) of 11 players (represented as n) are provided.

02

Measures of variation

The following are the measures of dispersion that are generally computed for a sample of data:

The difference between the greatest and the smallest values for a given set of data is called therange.

The ratio of the squared difference of a set of data from its mean to the value of the sample size minus one is called thesample variance.It can be mathematically written as

s2=1=1nxi-x2n-1

The under root value of the sample variance is same as the value of the sample standard deviation with the original units.

03

Computation of the range, variance, and standard deviation of the sample data 

The range of weights is obtained as

Range=GreatestValue-SmallestValue=305-189=116.0pounds

Therefore, the range of weights is equal to 116.0 pounds.

The mean weight of the players is calculated as

x=1=1nxin=189+254+...+30511=254211231.1

.

Thus, the mean weight of the players is 231.1 pounds.

The variance s2of the sample of weights is

s2=1=1nxi-x2n-1=189-231.12+254-231.12+...+305-231.1211-1=19236.909101923.7

Therefore, the variance of weights is equal to 1923.7 pounds squared.

The standard deviation of the sample of weights is equal to

s=s2=1923.743.9

Therefore, the standard deviation of weights is equal to 43.9 pounds.

04

Interpretation

Here, the players are chosen randomly from the same team (Seattle Seahawks). So, there is a possibility that the players of this team may possess the same features in common.

So, the calculated values cannot be used to represent the entire population of players.

Therefore, the measures of variation are not likely to be considered as the typical of all NFL players.

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1

In Exercises 5鈥20, find the range, variance, and standard deviation for the given sample data. Include appropriate units (such as 鈥渕inutes鈥) in your results. (The same data were used in Section 3-1, where we found measures of center. Here we find measures of variation.) Then answer the given questions.

Hurricanes Listed below are the numbers of Atlantic hurricanes that occurred in each year. The data are listed in order by year, starting with the year 2000. What important feature of the data is not revealed by any of the measures of variation?

8 9 8 7 9 15 5 6 8 4 12 7 8 2

Why Divide by n 鈭 1? Let a population consist of the values 9 cigarettes, 10 cigarettes, and 20 cigarettes smoked in a day (based on data from the California Health Interview Survey). Assume that samples of two values are randomly selected with replacement from this population. (That is, a selected value is replaced before the second selection is made.)

a. Find the variance2 of the population {9 cigarettes, 10 cigarettes, 20 cigarettes}.

b. After listing the nine different possible samples of two values selected with replacement, find the sample variance s2 (which includes division by n - 1) for each of them; then find the mean of the nine sample variances s2.

c. For each of the nine different possible samples of two values selected with replacement, find the variance by treating each sample as if it is a population (using the formula for population variance, which includes division by n); then find the mean of those nine population variances.

d. Which approach results in values that are better estimates of2 part (b) or part (c)? Why? When computing variances of samples, should you use division by n or n - 1?

e. The preceding parts show that s2 is an unbiased estimator of 2. Is s an unbiased estimator of ? Explain

In Exercises 5鈥20, find the range, variance, and standard deviation for the given sample data. Include appropriate units (such as 鈥渕inutes鈥) in your results. (The same data were used in Section 3-1, where we found measures of centre. Here we find measures of variation.) Then answer the given questions.

Sales of LP Vinyl Record Albums Listed below are annual U.S. sales of vinyl record albums (millions of units). The numbers of albums sold are listed in chronological order, and the last entry represents the most recent year. Do the measures of variation give us any information about a changing trend over time?

0.3 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.9 2.5 2.8 3.9 4.6 6.1

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