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Chapter 1: Problem 33

Identify which of these designs is most appropriate for the given experiment: completely randomized design, randomized block design, or matched pairs design. Lunesta is a drug designed to treat insomnia. In a clinical trial of Lunesta, amounts of sleep each night are measured before and after subjects have been treated with the drug.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Matched pairs design.

Step by step solution

01

- Understand the Experiment

Lunesta is being tested for its effectiveness in treating insomnia by measuring the amount of sleep each night before and after treatment.
02

- Identify Measurement Criteria

The experiment measures the same subjects鈥� sleep duration before and after taking Lunesta. This means we are looking at the same group of subjects in two different conditions: before and after treatment.
03

- Determine the Design Based on Repeated Measures

Since the same subjects are used for both conditions (before and after taking Lunesta), the most appropriate design here is one that accounts for these repeated measures.
04

- Match the Design to Experiment Type

A matched pairs design is best as it compares the same subjects under different conditions, providing a direct comparison of the effect of the drug.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Matched Pairs Design
When you have the same subjects experiencing two different conditions, the matched pairs design is highly relevant. In the case of Lunesta's clinical trial, the same patients are measured before and after taking the drug. This helps in minimizing the variability between subjects because they serve as their own control.
To implement the matched pairs design:
  • Measure each subject's sleep duration before taking Lunesta.
  • Then, measure their sleep duration after taking the drug.
  • Finally, compare these two measurements.
This design is more efficient because it requires fewer subjects and provides more precise results, making it ideal for clinical trials with repetitive measures.
Randomized Block Design
A randomized block design is effective when there are variables that could affect the outcomes of your experiment. Here, subjects are grouped into blocks based on these variables. For instance, in the Lunesta trial, blocks could be based on age or severity of insomnia.
Steps for randomized block design include:
  • Identify variables that could affect the outcome.
  • Group subjects into blocks based on these variables.
  • Randomly assign treatments within each block.
This design ensures that any differences in outcome can be attributed to the treatment rather than other variables.
Completely Randomized Design
The completely randomized design assigns subjects randomly to different treatment groups. Unlike randomized block design, it doesn鈥檛 account for other variables.
To implement this:
  • Randomly assign each subject to either the treatment group (receiving Lunesta) or the control group (not receiving Lunesta).
  • Compare the sleep durations across these groups.
This design is the simplest to execute but may not be as efficient if there are significant variables affecting the outcome.
Clinical Trials
Clinical trials are research studies performed on people to evaluate the effects of medical, surgical, or behavioral interventions. In this context, Lunesta's trial aims to determine its effectiveness in treating insomnia.
Key elements of clinical trials include:
  • Recruitment of participants who meet specific inclusion criteria.
  • Random assignment to treatment or control groups.
  • Blinding to reduce bias.
  • Collection and analysis of data to evaluate effectiveness and safety.
Clinical trials are crucial as they help in understanding whether a new treatment is safe and effective for public use.
Repeated Measures
Repeated measures involve collecting data from the same subjects multiple times under different conditions. This method is advantageous because:
  • It reduces the variability caused by differences between individuals.
  • Fewer subjects are needed compared to designs using different subjects for each condition.
In the Lunesta trial, repeated measures are used by recording sleep duration before and after taking the drug. This way, each participant acts as their own control, increasing the reliability of the results and making it easier to detect the drug's true effect.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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