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Sketch the graph of the given function on the interval \(t \geq 0\). $$ f(t-\pi) u_{\pi}(t), \quad \text { where } f(t)=t^{2} $$

Short Answer

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Question: Sketch the graph of the function \(f(t-\pi)u_{\pi}(t)\), given the function \(f(t) = t^2\). Answer: The graph of the function \(f(t-\pi)u_{\pi}(t)\) lies on the \(t\)-axis for \(t < \pi\) and forms a parabola starting at \((\pi, 0)\) and opening upwards for \(t \geq \pi\).

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the unit step function

The unit step function, \(u_c(t)\), is defined as: $$ u_{c}(t)= \begin{cases} 0, & \text{ if } t < c\\ 1, & \text{ if } t \geq c \end{cases} $$ In our case, we have \(c = \pi\). The function \(u_\pi(t)\) will be equal to 0 for \(t < \pi\) and 1 for \(t \geq \pi\).
02

Sketch the graph of the function \(f(t) = t^2\)

The function \(f(t) = t^2\) is a simple quadratic function. To sketch the graph, we can start by plotting a few points: \((0, 0)\), \((1, 1)\), \((-1, 1)\), \((2, 4)\), \((-2, 4)\), etc. Using these points, we can draw a curve representing the function \(f(t) = t^2\). For \(t \geq 0\), this is a parabola opening upwards with its vertex at the origin.
03

Apply the unit step function to \(f(t)\)

Now that we have the graph of \(f(t) = t^2\), we can apply the unit step function \(u_\pi(t)\). This means that the graph of the function \(f(t-\pi) u_{\pi}(t)\) will be the same as the graph of \(f(t)\) for \(t \geq \pi\) and 0 for \(t < \pi\). First, find the function \(f(t-\pi)\), which is obtained by replacing \(t\) with \(t-\pi\) in the original function: $$ f(t-\pi) = (t-\pi)^2 = t^2 - 2\pi t + \pi^2 $$ The graph of this function will be the same as the graph of \(f(t)\) but shifted to the right by \(\pi\). Thus, for \(t\geq\pi\), the graph of the function \(f(t-\pi)\) will start at \((\pi, 0)\) and open upwards like a parabola. Now, applying the unit step function \(u_\pi(t)\) means that the graph of the function \(f(t-\pi) u_{\pi}(t)\) will be the same as the graph of \(f(t-\pi)\) for \(t \geq \pi\), and will be 0 for \(t < \pi\). So we have a parabola starting at \((\pi, 0)\) and opening upwards for \(t \geq \pi\), and the graph will lie on the \(t\)-axis for \(t < \pi\).
04

Final sketch of the graph

With all the information gathered in the previous steps, we can now sketch the final graph of the given function, \(f(t-\pi) u_{\pi}(t)\). - For \(t < \pi\): The graph will lie on the \(t\)-axis. - For \(t \geq \pi\): The graph is a parabola starting at \((\pi, 0)\) and opening upwards. By combining both parts, we have the complete sketch of the given function.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Quadratic Function
A quadratic function is a polynomial function of degree 2. Its general form is given by: \[ f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c \]The quadratic function always results in a graph called a parabola. Here, our quadratic function is \( f(t) = t^2 \). This is a simple case where:- Coefficient \( a = 1 \)- Coefficient \( b = 0 \)- Constant term \( c = 0 \)The graph of a quadratic function is symmetric and is called a parabola. It features a "U" shape, which opens upwards if \( a > 0 \) and opens downwards if \( a < 0 \).
The vertex of the parabola is either its highest or lowest point. In the function \( f(t) = t^2 \), the vertex is at the origin, \((0, 0)\). Each point on this parabola is a squared value of \( t \), making it simple to understand where every point lies.
Graph Sketching
Graph sketching is a helpful technique for visualizing the behavior of functions. Sketching a graph allows us to see the shape, direction, and position of a function clearly. When sketching the graph of a quadratic function like \( f(t) = t^2 \), start by:
  • Identifying key points like the vertex.
  • Determining the axis of symmetry, which is a line that divides the parabola into two mirror images.
  • Plotting known points or calculating them by substituting values of \( t \).
  • Drawing the parabolic curve smoothly through these points.
For the quadratic function \( f(t) = t^2 \), the axis of symmetry is the y-axis. The parabola opens upwards with a vertex at the origin. Then, when sketching the graph after applying the step function, remember that the parabola exists only starting from \( t = \pi \) due to the unit step function's effect. Before \( t = \pi \), our function's value is 0.
Parabola Transformation
In mathematics, a parabola can be transformed by changing its position, size, or direction. For the function \( f(t - \pi) \), we perform a horizontal shift to the right by \( \pi \) units. By substituting \( t \) with \( t - \pi \), the equation becomes:\[ f(t - \pi) = (t - \pi)^2 \]This transformation affects the placement of the parabola, moving its vertex from \((0, 0)\) to \((\pi, 0)\).
When combined with the unit step function \( u_\pi(t) \), the transformation restricts the existence of the parabola to the interval \( t \geq \pi \). This gives:- The graph is zero for \( t < \pi \).- The parabolic shape appears at \( t = \pi \), opening upwards just as it normally would, but beginning specifically at this point.Thus, transformation and unit step application move the start of the parabola rightward and control when it begins to "exist" by effectively turning it on and off at a specified point.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Find the Laplace transform of the given function. $$ f(t)=u_{1}(t)+2 u_{3}(t)-6 u_{4}(t) $$

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