/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 13 Let \(n_{0} \in \mathbf{Z}, S\) ... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

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Let \(n_{0} \in \mathbf{Z}, S\) be a nonempty subset of the set \(T=\left\\{n \in \mathbf{Z} | n \geq n_{0}\right\\}\) and \(\ell^{*}\) be a least element of the set \(T^{*}=\left\\{n-n_{0}+1 | n \in T\right\\} .\) Prove that \(n_{0}+\ell^{*}-1\) is a least element of \(S\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
To prove that \(n_{0}+\ell^{*}-1\) is the least element of S, we follow these steps: 1. We show that \(n_{0}+\ell^{*}-1\) is an element of S by proving the existence of an element \(\ell^{*}\) in S such that \(\ell^{*} = n_{0}+\ell^{*}-1\). 2. We show that for any integer s in S, s is greater or equal to \(n_{0}+\ell^{*}-1\). This confirms that \(n_{0}+\ell^{*}-1\) is the least element of S.

Step by step solution

01

Show that n鈧 + 鈩* - 1 is an element of S

Let 鈩 be any element in S. Since n鈧 鈭 鈩 and S is a non-empty subset of T = {n 鈭 鈩 | n 鈮 n鈧}, we know that 鈩 鈮 n鈧. Thus, (鈩 - n鈧 + 1) is an element of T* = {n - n鈧 + 1 | n 鈭 T}. Let 鈩* be the least element of T*. By definition, 鈩* 鈮 (鈩 - n鈧 + 1) for all 鈩 in S. Now, we will show that n鈧 + 鈩* - 1 is an element of S by proving that there exists an element 鈩* in S such that 鈩* = n鈧 + 鈩* - 1: Since 鈩* is the least element of T*, we know that for any element x in T*, 鈩* <= x. So, 鈩* <= (鈩* - 1 + n鈧), which means that 鈩* <= n鈧 + 鈩* - 1. Since 鈩* is an element of T*, there exists an element in T (let it be n鈥) such that n鈥 - n鈧 + 1 = 鈩*. Solving this equation for n鈥 we find that n鈥 = n鈧 + 鈩* - 1. Since 鈩* <= (鈩 - n鈧 + 1), we have n鈥 >= 鈩 for all 鈩 in S. Hence, n鈧 + 鈩* - 1 is an element of S.
02

Show that n鈧 + 鈩* - 1 is the least element of S

Now, we want to show that for any integer s in S, s is greater or equal to n鈧 + 鈩* - 1. Let s be any element in S. Since S is a subset of T, s 鈮 n鈧. We also know that s - n鈧 + 1 is an element of T* because T* = {n - n鈧 + 1 | n 鈭 T}. So, (s - n鈧 + 1) 鈭 T*. Since 鈩* is the least element of T*, we know that 鈩* <= (s - n鈧 + 1). Adding n鈧 - 1 to both sides of the inequality, we obtain n鈧 + 鈩* - 1 <= s. Hence, s is greater or equal to n鈧 + 鈩* - 1 for all s in S. Thus, n鈧 + 鈩* - 1 is the least element of S.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Integers
Integers, also known as whole numbers, include all positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero. They do not include fractions or decimals. The symbol \( \mathbf{Z} \) often represents integers in mathematical notation. Understanding integers is crucial since they form the basis upon which many algebraic principles are built. When dealing with a set of integers, like in our problem, each number behaves within a defined system of consistent rules, such as basic arithmetic operations and inequalities. In mathematical proofs, integers help establish concrete examples and facilitate essential algebraic reasoning.
Subset
A subset is a set formed from elements of another set, meaning all elements of the subset are contained within the original set. For instance, if we consider the set \( T = \{ n \in \mathbf{Z} | n \geq n_{0} \} \), any collection of numbers from \( T \) which forms a new set \( S \) will be called a subset of \( T \). A subset can be smaller than or equal to its parent set in terms of the number of elements, and this property can be utilized in proofs or algebraic manipulations to explore relationships between different sets. Subsets are vital in proofs for isolating a part of a larger system to explore its properties or make general conclusions.
Least Element
The least element in a set is the smallest element with respect to a certain order. In our exercise, we have \( \ell^{*} \) as the least element of the set \( T^{*} = \{ n - n_{0} + 1 | n \in T \} \). Being a least element means no other element in the set is smaller than it. This concept is crucial because it often helps establish bounds in mathematical reasoning.
  • For any set having a least element, each set member is greater than or equal to that element.
  • Identifying the least element can simplify the problem, acting as a starting or ending point for a sequence or inequality.
Knowing the least element can lead to pivotal insights into the behavior of the system involved, providing both a foundational and practical relevance in mathematical analysis.
Algebraic Inequalities
Algebraic inequalities involve expressions that use relations like less than (\(<\)), greater than (\(>\)), and their non-strict versions (\(\leq, \geq\)). In our exercise, inequalities determine the limits and relationships within sets \( S \) and \( T \). For example, if each element \( \ell \) in \( S \) satisfies \( \ell \geq n_{0} \), we are dealing with inequality constraints which ensure the properties of these elements.
Many proofs rely on establishing and manipulating inequalities to show that certain expressions meet specific criteria. These can represent:
  • Boundaries within which solutions or elements must fall.
  • Comparisons between potential or actual solutions.
  • Justifications of smaller components claiming broader conclusions.
This flexibility means mastering inequalities not only boosts algebraic prowess but also facilitates clearer, logically sustained arguments in proofs.

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