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(a) Use the fact that the absolute value function is piecewise-defined (see Example 7) to write the rule of the given function as a piecewise-defined function whose rule does not include any absolute value bars. (b) Graph the function. $$g(x)=|x|-4$$

Short Answer

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Question: Convert the absolute value function, g(x) = |x| - 4, into a piecewise function and create a graph for it. Answer: The function g(x) = |x| - 4 can be rewritten as a piecewise function: $$ g(x) = \begin{cases} x - 4, & \text{if}\ x \geq 0 \\ -x - 4, & \text{if}\ x < 0 \end{cases} $$ By solving the two cases separately and plotting the points, the final graph is a V-shaped graph with coordinates such as (0, -4), (1, -3), (2, -2) for the case when x ≥ 0 and (-1, -3), (-2, -2), (-3, -1) for the case when x < 0.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the properties of the absolute value function

The absolute value of a number represents its distance from 0 on the number line. Hence, the absolute value of a positive number is itself, and for a negative number, it is the negation of the number. For example, \(|3| = 3\) and \(|-3| = 3\).
02

Rewrite the given function as a piecewise function

We will rewrite the given function, \(g(x) = |x| - 4\), as a piecewise function that does not involve absolute value bars. Since the rule for the absolute value "|x|" is x, if x≥0; and -x, if x<0, we can use these conditions to rewrite the given function. $$ g(x) = \begin{cases} x - 4, & \text{if}\ x \geq 0 \\ -x - 4, & \text{if}\ x < 0 \end{cases} $$
03

Graph the piecewise function

Now, we will graph the function, by first plotting the points for the two cases when \(x \geq 0\) and \(x < 0\) separately. Case 1: \(g(x) = x - 4\) if \(x \geq 0\). - Choose values of x greater than or equal to 0, and find their corresponding y-values using the equation \(g(x)=x-4\). For example, we can choose \(x=0, 1, 2, 3\) and obtain respective y-values of \(-4, -3, -2, -1\). - Plot these points on the graph: \((0, -4), (1, -3), (2, -2), (3,-1)\). - Connect these points with a straight line. Case 2: \(g(x) = -x - 4\) if \(x < 0\). - Choose values of x less than 0, and find their corresponding y-values using the equation \(g(x)=-x-4\). For example, we can choose \(x=-1, -2, -3, -4\) and obtain respective y-values of \(-3, -2, -1, 0\). - Plot these points on the graph: \((-1, -3), (-2, -2), (-3, -1),(-4, 0)\). - Connect these points with a straight line. After plotting both cases on the graph, you will observe that the final graph is a V-shaped graph.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Absolute Value Function
The Absolute Value Function is a fundamental mathematical concept that tells us about the distance of a number from zero on the number line. The absolute value is always non-negative because distance cannot be negative. For any number on the number line:
  • If the number is positive or zero, the absolute value of that number is simply the number itself.
  • If the number is negative, the absolute value is the negation of the number, which effectively makes it positive.
For example, the absolute value of \(3\) is \(3\), and for \(-3\), it is also \(3\). In terms of the function \(g(x) = |x| - 4\), the absolute value appears in the form of \( |x|\). This can be translated to piecewise form for graphing and analysis. By understanding the absolute value function, we can transform equations for easier graphing and problem-solving.
Graphing Piecewise Functions
Graphing piecewise functions involve breaking down a function into multiple "pieces," each defined by a different equation over specific intervals of the domain. Piecewise functions are crucial when working with functions like those including absolute values.
  • This method organizes the absolute value function \(g(x) = |x| - 4\) into two parts: \(x - 4\) when x is greater than or equal to zero, and \(-x - 4\) when x is less than zero.
  • The graph of \(g(x)\) will appear as a "V" shape, reflecting the transition between these two linear components.
To graph a piecewise function, meticulously plot key points decided by each part of the function on its respective domain. Connect these points with lines. For both given cases of \(x > 0\) and \(x < 0\), you determine their corresponding y-values following the defined equations, and then graph them separately on the same set of axes.
Function Transformation
Function Transformation involves modifying a basic function to shift, stretch, compress, or reflect it. This concept is useful in piecewise graphs where slight modifications can drastically change the graph's shape and position.
  • For \(g(x) = |x| - 4\), the function undergoes a vertical shift downward by 4 units. The graph is effectively moved 4 units down compared to the graph of \(f(x) = |x|\).
  • Transformations in piecewise functions often include translation (shifting), scalings (stretching/compressing), and reflections.
Recognizing these transformations helps us understand how the function behaves. By manipulating the graph \(g(x) = x - 4\) for \(x \geq 0\), and \(-x - 4\) for \(x < 0\), the apparent transformations help define the entire piecewise graph. Each alteration adjusts the visual representation, ensuring it accurately represents the underlying mathematical relationship. Function transformations are an essential tool for adapting simple models to depict various real-world scenarios.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Find the radius \(r\) and height \(h\) of a cylindrical can with a surface area of 60 square inches and the largest possible volume, as follows. (a) Write an equation for the volume \(V\) of the can in terms of \(r\) and \(h\). (b) Write an equation in \(r\) and \(h\) that expresses the fact that the surface area of the can is \(60 .\) [ Hint: Think of cutting the top and bottom off the can; then cut the side of the can lengthwise and roll it out flat; it's now a rectangle. The surface area is the area of the top and bottom plus the area of this rectangle. The length of the rectangle is the same as the circumference of the original can (why?).] (c) Write an equation that expresses \(V\) as a function of \(r\) [Hint: Solve the equation in part (b) for \(h\), and substitute the result in the equation of part (a).] (d) Graph the function in part (c), and find the value of \(r\) that produces the largest possible value of \(V\). What is \(h\) in this case?

Use the Round-Trip Theorem on page 223 to show that \(g\) is the inverse of \(f\) $$f(x)=2 x-6, \quad g(x)=\frac{x}{2}+3$$

Find the indicated values of the function by hand and by using the table feature of a calculator (or the EVAL key on TI-85/86). If your answers do not agree with each other or with those at the back of the book, you are either making algebraic mistakes or incorrectly entering the function in the equation memory. \(f(x)=\frac{x-3}{x^{2}+4}\) (d) \(f(2)\) (a) \(f(-1)\) (b) \(f(0)\) (c) \(f(1)\) (e) \(f(3)\)

Use the Round-Trip Theorem on page 223 to show that \(g\) is the inverse of \(f\) $$f(x)=x^{3}-1, \quad g(x)=\sqrt[3]{x+1}$$

Find the approximate intervals on which the function is increasing, those on which it is decreasing, and those on which it is constant. $$f(x)=\frac{1}{x}$$

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