/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 84 Use the properties of logarithms... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91Ó°ÊÓ

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Use the properties of logarithms to expand the expression as a sum, difference, and/or multiple of logarithms. (Assume all variables are positive.)\(\ln \sqrt{\frac{x^{2}}{y^{3}}}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The expanded form of the given expression is \(\ln{x} - \frac{3}{2} \ln{y}\)

Step by step solution

01

Apply the square root property

Recall that the square root is equivalent to an exponent of \(\frac{1}{2}\). Thus, \(\ln \sqrt{\frac{x^{2}}{y^{3}}}\) can also be written as \(\ln \big(\frac{x^{2}}{y^{3}}\big)^{\frac{1}{2}}\).
02

Apply the power rule

The power of a logarithm can be pulled out front as a coefficient. This gives \(\frac{1}{2} \ln \big(\frac{x^{2}}{y^{3}}\big)\).
03

Applying the quotient rule

The quotient inside a logarithm becomes subtraction between the logarithms. We get \(\frac{1}{2} \big(\ln x^{2} - \ln y^{3}\big)\).
04

Apply the power rule again

Similar to step 2, we can pull the power out of the logarithm, resulting in \(\frac{1}{2} \big(2\ln x - 3\ln y\big)\). Simplifying gives \(\ln{x} - \frac{3}{2} \ln{y}\).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Logarithm Expansion
Understanding logarithm expansion is essential for simplifying complex logarithmic expressions. Logarithm expansion utilizes properties of logarithms to rewrite a single logarithmic statement into a series of simpler terms that can be more easily interpreted or solved. For instance, the original exercise given shows the logarithm of a square root, which can be intimidating at first glance. However, by viewing the square root as an exponent, \( \sqrt{\frac{x^{2}}{y^{3}}} \) becomes \( \left(\frac{x^{2}}{y^{3}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}} \) because the square root of any variable is the same as raising that variable to the \( \frac{1}{2} \) power. This is a crucial step in expanding logarithms because it transforms the problem into a form where other logarithmic properties can be applied.

Expanding logarithms allows us to move from an equation that may seem daunting to a set of operations involving individual logarithms of the numerator and denominator, or logarithms of values raised to a power. This not only makes them easier to handle algebraically but also lays the groundwork for further manipulation using rules like the logarithmic power and quotient rules.
Logarithmic Power Rule
The logarithmic power rule is a game-changer when dealing with expressions where a logarithm is applied to a base raised to an exponent. It states that \( \log_{b}(x^n) = n \log_{b}(x) \), effectively allowing us to 'pull out' the exponent out front as a multiplier of the logarithm. With reference to the exercise, \( \ln(\frac{x^{2}}{y^{3}}) \) can have its numerator and denominator dealt with separately according to the logarithmic power rule.

This is illustrated in Step 2 where the exponent \( \frac{1}{2} \) is brought out in front, and again in Step 4 where the same rule applies to \( \ln x^{2} \) and \( \ln y^{3} \), transforming them into \( 2\ln x \) and \( 3\ln y \) respectively. Understanding when and how to apply the logarithmic power rule is critical as it simplifies expressions and paves the way for easier manipulation, which, in turn, allows one to solve logarithmic equations more efficiently.
Logarithmic Quotient Rule
The logarithmic quotient rule enables us to streamline logarithmic expressions that involve division within the logarithm. According to this rule, \( \log_{b}\left(\frac{x}{y}\right) = \log_{b}(x) - \log_{b}(y) \), transforming the log of a quotient into the difference between two logs. In the context of our original logarithmic expression, once we've processed the radical as an exponent, we're left with \( \ln \big(\frac{x^{2}}{y^{3}}\big)^{\frac{1}{2}} \), which the quotient rule can handle adeptly.

In Step 3, the rule is applied to \( \ln \big(\frac{x^{2}}{y^{3}}\big) \) resulting in \( \ln x^{2} - \ln y^{3} \). This step critically simplifies the logarithm of a fraction to a subtraction problem, breaking down the complex fraction into individual components that are far less daunting to work with. Mastering the logarithmic quotient rule is thus indispensable for students tackling logarithmic expressions in algebra, calculus, and beyond, providing a clear path through potentially challenging logarithmic terrain.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Solve the logarithmic equation algebraically. Approximate the result to three decimal places.\(2-6 \ln x=10\)

Solve the logarithmic equation algebraically. Approximate the result to three decimal places.\(\log _{10} 8 x-\log _{10}(1+\sqrt{x})=2\)

Population The population \(P\) of the United States officially reached 300 million at about 7:46 A.M. E.S.T. on Tuesday, October 17,2006 . The table shows the U.S. populations (in millions) since 1900. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau)$$ \begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline \text { Year } & \text { Population } \\ \hline 1900 & 76 \\ \hline 1910 & 92 \\ \hline 1920 & 106 \\ \hline 1930 & 123 \\ \hline 1940 & 132 \\ \hline 1950 & 151 \\ \hline \end{array} $$$$ \begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline \text { Year } & \text { Population } \\ \hline 1960 & 179 \\ \hline 1970 & 203 \\ \hline 1980 & 227 \\ \hline 1990 & 250 \\ \hline 2000 & 282 \\ \hline 2006 & 300 \\ \hline \end{array} $$(a) Use a graphing utility to create a scatter plot of the data. Let \(t\) represent the year, with \(t=0\) corresponding to 1900 . (b) Use the regression feature of a graphing utility to find an exponential model for the data. Use the Inverse Property \(b=e^{\ln b}\) to rewrite the model as an exponential model in base \(e\). (c) Graph the exponential model in base \(e\) with the scatter plot of the data. What appears to be happening to the relationship between the data points and the regression curve at \(t=100\) and \(t=106 ?\) (d) Use the regression feature of a graphing utility to find a logistic growth model for the data. Graph each model using the window settings shown below. Which model do you think will give more accurate predictions of the population well beyond \(2006 ?\)

Use a graphing utility to solve the equation. Approximate the result to three decimal places. Verify your result algebraically.\(3-\ln x=0\)

Solve for \(y\) in terms of \(x\).\(\log _{10} y=2 \log _{10}(x-1)-\log _{10}(x+2)\)

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