Chapter 14: Problem 13
Evaluate the iterated integral. $$ \int_{-\pi / 4}^{\pi / 4} \int_{0}^{1-2 \cos ^{2} \theta} \int_{0}^{1} r \sin \theta d z d r d \theta $$
Short Answer
Expert verified
The value of the iterated integral is 0.
Step by step solution
01
Evaluate the Integral with respect to z
The innermost integral is with respect to \( z \), within the limits from \( 0 \) to \( 1 \). Since the integrand is \( r \sin\theta \), the integral with respect to \( z \) is calculated as: \[ \int_{0}^{1} r \sin\theta \, dz = r \sin\theta [z]_{0}^{1} = r \sin\theta \] Now the integral changes to, \[ \int_{-rac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \int_{0}^{1-2 \cos^{2} \theta} r \sin\theta \, dr \, d\theta \]
02
Evaluate the Integral with respect to r
Now we evaluate the integral with respect to \( r \), within the limits from \( 0 \) to \( 1-2 \cos^{2} \theta \). \[ \int_{0}^{1-2 \cos^{2} \theta} r \sin\theta \, dr = \sin\theta \left[ \frac{1}{2} r^2 \right]_{0}^{1-2 \cos^{2} \theta} \]\[ = \frac{1}{2} \sin\theta \left( (1-2 \cos^{2} \theta)^2 - 0^2 \right) \]After squaring the expression and maintaining the \( \sin\theta \) term, we have:\[ = \frac{1}{2} \sin\theta (1 - 4 \cos^{2}\theta + 4 \cos^{4}\theta) \] The integral expression now is, \[ \int_{-\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{1}{2} \sin\theta (1 - 4 \cos^{2}\theta + 4 \cos^{4}\theta) \, d\theta \]
03
Evaluate the Integral with respect to θ
Now evaluate the integral with respect to \( \theta \). Split the expression and integrate each part separately: \[ \int_{-\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \left( \frac{1}{2} \sin\theta - 2 \sin\theta \cos^{2}\theta + 2 \sin\theta \cos^{4}\theta \right) \, d\theta \]Since the integrals of symmetric expressions around the origin with sine functions result in zero due to the sine's odd symmetry, we find:1. \( \int_{-\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{1}{2} \sin\theta \, d\theta = 0 \) 2. Other terms \( \int_{-\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} -2 \sin\theta \cos^{2}\theta \, d\theta + \int_{-\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} 2 \sin\theta \cos^{4}\theta \, d\theta \) also result in zero due to similar symmetry considerations.Thus, the iterated integral evaluates to zero.
Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!
-
Full Textbook Solutions
Get detailed explanations and key concepts
-
Unlimited Al creation
Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...
-
Ads-free access
To over 500 millions flashcards
-
Money-back guarantee
We refund you if you fail your exam.
Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91Ó°ÊÓ!
Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Triple Integration
Triple integration is a mathematical technique used to evaluate integrals over a three-dimensional region. It means integrating a function over a volume, taking into account three variables. In the given problem, we perform triple integration by systematically integrating with respect to each variable - starting with the innermost variable and moving to the outermost. This involves:
- Sequentially integrating first with respect to one variable, here, denoted as \(z\).
- Then, moving to the second variable, \(r\), and lastly,
- Completing the integral by evaluating with respect to the third variable, \(\theta\).
Polar Coordinates
Polar coordinates are a two-dimensional coordinate system where each point on a plane is determined by an angle and a distance from a reference point. In problems involving circular or rotational symmetry, such as this one, polar coordinates offer a more natural representation than Cartesian coordinates. The transformation between the two is given by:
- \(x = r\cos\theta\)
- \(y = r\sin\theta\)
Trigonometric Integrals
Trigonometric integrals involve integrating expressions containing trigonometric functions. These integrals often require a clear understanding of trigonometric identities and properties, especially relating to symmetry. In this exercise:
- Integrals like \(\int \sin\theta\, d\theta\) and \(\int \sin\theta \cos^n \theta\, d\theta\) are tackled by recognizing symmetry properties.
- As the sine function is odd, integrals symmetric around the origin, such as \(\int_{-a}^{a} \sin\theta\, d\theta\), simplify to zero when evaluated over symmetric bounds.
- Understanding these nuances allows for efficient and accurate calculation of such integrals, critical in evaluating iterated integrals in multi-variable calculus.