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Use the method of your choice to evaluate the following limits. $$\lim _{(x, y) \rightarrow(0,0)} \frac{y^{2}}{x^{8}+y^{2}}$$

Short Answer

Expert verified
Question: Determine the limit of the given function as (x, y) approaches (0, 0): Function: \(\frac{y^2}{x^8 + y^2}\) Answer: The limit of the given function as (x, y) approaches (0, 0) is 0.

Step by step solution

01

Choose a Substitution

Choose the substitution \(t = \frac{y}{x^4}\), such that \(y = t x^4\). Now, we will analyze what happens to the variable \(t\) as (x, y) approaches (0, 0).
02

Analyze New Variables

As \((x, y) \rightarrow (0, 0)\), we have: 1. If \(x \ne 0\), we get \(t \rightarrow 0 \ne \infty\). 2. If \(x = 0\), then \(y = t x^4 = 0\), so \((x, y) \rightarrow (0, 0)\) as designed. Thus, we want to find the limit as \(t \rightarrow 0\) after applying the substitution.
03

Apply Substitution

Replace y with the substitution \(y = t x^4\) and rewrite the given function as: $$\frac{(t x^4)^{2}}{(x^8+(t x^4)^{2})}$$
04

Simplify

Simplify the above expression: $$\frac{t^2 x^8}{x^8+ t^2 x^8}$$ Now, factor out \(x^8\) from the denominator: $$\frac{t^2 x^8}{x^8(1+ t^2)}$$ Since x is not equal to 0, we can cancel out the x terms: $$\frac{t^2}{1+ t^2}$$
05

Calculate the limit

Now, find the limit as \(t \rightarrow 0\): $$\lim_{t\rightarrow 0} \frac{t^2}{1+ t^2} = \frac{0}{1+0} = 0$$ Therefore, the limit of the given function as \((x, y) \rightarrow (0, 0)\) is 0.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Substitution Method
The substitution method is a powerful tool for evaluating limits, especially in multivariable calculus. By transforming the variables, it can simplify complex limit expressions, making them easier to handle. In our specific example, the given expression is a limit problem involving two variables: \((x, y)\). To simplify the evaluation, we substitute \(t = \frac{y}{x^4}\), leading to a new expression involving \(t\) and \(x\). This substitution helps us see the behavior of the function as \((x, y)\) approaches \((0,0)\).

  • Initially, substituting \(y = t x^4\) helps in analyzing the limit along different paths.
  • By converting the expression into terms of \(t\), we gain a clearer view of how the expression behaves as we head toward the origin.
  • It's crucial to consider different values of \(x\) to ensure the substitution remains valid.

By manipulating the variables through substitution, we simplify the computations and focus directly on the limit behavior of \(t\) itself, turning a multivariable problem into a simpler univariate problem.
Limit Evaluation
Limit evaluation is a core aspect of calculus, involving the determination of a function's behavior as its variables approach specific values. In multivariable calculus, evaluating limits can often be more challenging due to the presence of more than one variable.

In the example, after employing the substitution \(t = \frac{y}{x^4}\), the expression simplifies to \(\frac{t^2}{1+t^2}\). Our task is now to evaluate the limit of this function as \(t \rightarrow 0\).

  • Once the substitution simplifies the expression, the focus shifts to calculating the limit of the new expression.
  • Evaluating \(\lim_{t \rightarrow 0} \frac{t^2}{1+t^2}\) results in \(\frac{0}{1+0} = 0\), simplifying the multivariable limit problem.
  • The behavior of the expression depends heavily on the paths taken towards the limit point, ensuring thorough calculations for an accurate result.

Understanding these calculations allow us to predict the function’s limit behavior accurately and ensures we address potential undefined or indeterminate forms effectively.
Multivariable Calculus
Multivariable calculus extends the concepts of single-variable calculus into more dimensions, allowing us to investigate functions of several variables. This branch of calculus is crucial for exploring the behavior of functions in higher-dimensional spaces, like curves and surfaces.

The exercise involves a function of two variables, \(x\) and \(y\). It demonstrates how limits in multivariable calculus are crucial in defining how functions behave near critical points such as the origin \((0,0)\).

  • In multivariable calculus, limit problems require careful consideration of the approach to the limit point, which could be from infinitely many paths.
  • This example uses a substitution to handle cases where the traditional approach might not be feasible or simple in higher dimensions.
  • Expressions involving several variables often necessitate using different methods, like path analysis or polar coordinates, to examine their behavior near critical points.

Mastering multivariable calculus opens up a deeper understanding of complicated systems, enabling us to map, analyze, and predict intricate behaviors of multi-dimensional functions.

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