/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 21 Find an equation of the plane ta... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91Ó°ÊÓ

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Find an equation of the plane tangent to the following surfaces at the given points (two planes and two equations). $$x y \sin z=1 ;(1,2, \pi / 6) \text { and }(-2,-1,5 \pi / 6)$$

Short Answer

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Question: Find the tangent planes to the surface defined by the equation \(xy\sin z = 1\) at the points \((1, 2, \pi/6)\) and \((-2, -1, 5\pi/6)\). Answer: The equations of the tangent planes at the given points are: 1. \(2(x-1) + \frac{1}{2}(y-2) + \sqrt{3}(z-\frac{\pi}{6}) = 0\) 2. \(-\frac{1}{2}(x+2) - (y+1) - \sqrt{3}(z-\frac{5\pi}{6}) = 0\)

Step by step solution

01

Find the gradient of the surface

To find the gradient (or the normal vector) of the surface defined by \(F(x, y, z) = xy\sin z - 1 = 0\), compute the partial derivatives of the function \(F\) with respect to \(x\), \(y\), and \(z\): $$\frac{\partial F}{\partial x} = y\sin z$$ $$\frac{\partial F}{\partial y} = x\sin z$$ $$\frac{\partial F}{\partial z} = xy\cos z$$
02

Evaluate the gradient at the given points

Now, we need to find the normal vector of the tangent plane at the given points \((1, 2, \pi/6)\) and \((-2, -1, 5\pi/6)\). Evaluate the gradient at these points: $$\nabla F(1, 2, \pi/6) = \langle 2\sin(\pi/6), 1\sin(\pi/6), 2\cos(\pi/6)\rangle = \langle 2, \frac{1}{2}, \sqrt{3}\rangle$$ $$\nabla F(-2, -1, 5\pi/6) = \langle -\sin(5\pi/6), -2\sin(5\pi/6), 2\cos(5\pi/6)\rangle = \langle -\frac{1}{2}, -1, -\sqrt{3}\rangle$$
03

Find the tangent plane equations

Using the normal vector and the given points, we can now find the equations of the tangent planes. Recall that the equation of a plane is given by \(A(x-x_0) + B(y-y_0) + C(z-z_0) = 0\), where \((A, B, C)\) is the normal vector, and \((x_0, y_0, z_0)\) is a known point on the plane. For the first point \((1, 2, \pi/6)\) and normal vector \(\langle 2, \frac{1}{2}, \sqrt{3}\rangle\): $$2(x-1) + \frac{1}{2}(y-2) + \sqrt{3}(z-\frac{\pi}{6}) = 0$$ For the second point \((-2, -1, 5\pi/6)\) and normal vector \(\langle -\frac{1}{2}, -1, -\sqrt{3}\rangle\): $$-\frac{1}{2}(x+2) - (y+1) - \sqrt{3}(z-\frac{5\pi}{6}) = 0$$ So, the two tangent plane equations are: $$2(x-1) + \frac{1}{2}(y-2) + \sqrt{3}(z-\frac{\pi}{6}) = 0$$ and $$-\frac{1}{2}(x+2) - (y+1) - \sqrt{3}(z-\frac{5\pi}{6}) = 0$$

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Partial Derivatives
To understand tangent planes on surfaces, it's essential to understand partial derivatives. Partial derivatives give the rate of change of a function concerning one of its variables while keeping the others constant. For a function like \[ F(x, y, z) = x y \sin z - 1 = 0 \]you need to compute partial derivatives with respect to each variable:
  • \( \frac{\partial F}{\partial x} = y \sin z \)
  • \( \frac{\partial F}{\partial y} = x \sin z \)
  • \( \frac{\partial F}{\partial z} = x y \cos z \)
These derivatives tell us how the surface changes in each direction at any point. By evaluating these at a specific point, for instance, \((1, 2, \pi/6)\), we find specific values that describe the change of the surface there.
Normal Vector
The normal vector is fundamental in defining a tangent plane. It's a vector that is perpendicular to the surface at a given point. Using the gradient, which is a vector of partial derivatives, you obtain the normal vector. For the function \[ F(x, y, z) = x y \sin z - 1 \]the gradient \( abla F \) is calculated as \[ abla F = \Big\langle \frac{\partial F}{\partial x}, \frac{\partial F}{\partial y}, \frac{\partial F}{\partial z} \Big\rangle \].Evaluating this at specific points gives vectors
  • \( abla F(1, 2, \pi/6) = \langle 2, \frac{1}{2}, \sqrt{3} \rangle \)
  • \( abla F(-2, -1, 5\pi/6) = \langle -\frac{1}{2}, -1, -\sqrt{3} \rangle \)
These vectors tell us the direction and steepness of the surface at those points.
Gradient
The gradient is not just a collection of partial derivatives; it is a vector pointing in the direction of the greatest increase of the function. For a multidimensional function \( F(x, y, z) \), the gradient is expressed as:\[ abla F = \left\langle \frac{\partial F}{\partial x}, \frac{\partial F}{\partial y}, \frac{\partial F}{\partial z} \right\rangle \].In the context of tangent planes, this gradient acts as the normal vector to the plane. It gives insights into how to orient the plane at any point on the surface. By evaluating the gradient at a point, like \((1, 2, \pi/6)\), and finding it to be \( \langle 2, \frac{1}{2}, \sqrt{3} \rangle \), it provides a clear direction for the normal to the tangent plane.
Equation of a Plane
The equation of a plane is crucial for finding tangent planes. It's generally written as \[ A(x-x_0) + B(y-y_0) + C(z-z_0) = 0 \],where \( A, B, C \) are components of the normal vector, and \((x_0, y_0, z_0)\) is a point on the plane.
Using the normal vectors from the gradient at specific points on the surface, you can substitute these into the plane equation format. For example, using \( abla F(1, 2, \pi/6) = \langle 2, \frac{1}{2}, \sqrt{3} \rangle \) yields:
  • \( 2(x-1) + \frac{1}{2}(y-2) + \sqrt{3}(z-\frac{\pi}{6}) = 0 \)
This method constructs the equation of the plane tangent to the surface, accurately representing the surface's orientation and position at that point.

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