Chapter 12: Problem 61
Use the method of your choice to evaluate the following limits. $$\lim _{(x, y) \rightarrow(0,1)} \frac{y \sin x}{x(y+1)}$$
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Chapter 12: Problem 61
Use the method of your choice to evaluate the following limits. $$\lim _{(x, y) \rightarrow(0,1)} \frac{y \sin x}{x(y+1)}$$
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Identify and briefly describe the surfaces defined by the following equations. $$x^{2}+y^{2}+4 z^{2}+2 x=0$$
In its many guises, the least squares approximation arises in numerous areas of mathematics and statistics. Suppose you collect data for two variables (for example, height and shoe size) in the form of pairs \(\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right),\left(x_{2}, y_{2}\right), \ldots,\left(x_{n}, y_{n}\right)\) The data may be plotted as a scatterplot in the \(x y\) -plane, as shown in the figure. The technique known as linear regression asks the question: What is the equation of the line that "best fits" the data? The least squares criterion for best fit requires that the sum of the squares of the vertical distances between the line and the data points is a minimum. Let the equation of the best-fit line be \(y=m x+b,\) where the slope \(m\) and the \(y\) -intercept \(b\) must be determined using the least squares condition. First assume that there are three data points \((1,2),(3,5),\) and \((4,6) .\) Show that the function of \(m\) and \(b\) that gives the sum of the squares of the vertical distances between the line and the three data points is $$ \begin{aligned} E(m, b)=&((m+b)-2)^{2}+((3 m+b)-5)^{2} \\ &+((4 m+b)-6)^{2} \end{aligned}. $$ Find the critical points of \(E\) and find the values of \(m\) and \(b\) that minimize \(E\). Graph the three data points and the best-fit line.
A classical equation of mathematics is Laplace's equation, which arises in both theory and applications. It governs ideal fluid flow, electrostatic potentials, and the steadystate distribution of heat in a conducting medium. In two dimensions, Laplace's equation is $$\frac{\partial^{2} u}{\partial x^{2}}+\frac{\partial^{2} u}{\partial y^{2}}=0.$$ Show that the following functions are harmonic; that is, they satisfy Laplace's equation. $$u(x, y)=e^{a x} \cos a y, \text { for any real number } a$$
Find an equation of the line passing through \(P_{0}\) and normal to the plane \(P\). $$P_{0}(2,1,3) ; P: 2 x-4 y+z=10$$
Given positive numbers \(x_{1}, \ldots, x_{n},\) prove that the geometric mean \(\left(x_{1} x_{2} \cdots x_{n}\right)^{1 / n}\) is no greater than the arithmetic mean \(\left(x_{1}+\cdots+x_{n}\right) / n\) in the following cases. a. Find the maximum value of \(x y z,\) subject to \(x+y+z=k\) where \(k\) is a real number and \(x>0, y>0\), and \(z>0 .\) Use the result to prove that $$(x y z)^{1 / 3} \leq \frac{x+y+z}{3}.$$ b. Generalize part (a) and show that $$\left(x_{1} x_{2} \cdots x_{n}\right)^{1 / n} \leq \frac{x_{1}+\cdots+x_{n}}{n}.$$
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