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Chapter 9: Problem 14
Find the limit of the following sequences or determine that the limit does not exist. $$\left\\{\frac{k}{\sqrt{9 k^{2}+1}}\right\\}$$
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Consider the following situations that generate a sequence. a. Write out the first five terms of the sequence. b. Find an explicit formula for the terms of the sequence. c. Find a recurrence relation that generates the sequence. d. Using a calculator or a graphing utility, estimate the limit of the sequence or state that it does not exist. The Consumer Price Index (the CPI is a measure of the U.S. cost of living) is given a base value of 100 in the year \(1984 .\) Assume the CPI has increased by an average of \(3 \%\) per year since \(1984 .\) Let \(c_{n}\) be the CPI \(n\) years after \(1984,\) where \(c_{0}=100.\)
An early limit Working in the early 1600 s, the mathematicians Wallis, Pascal, and Fermat were attempting to determine the area of the region under the curve \(y=x^{p}\) between \(x=0\) and \(x=1\) where \(p\) is a positive integer. Using arguments that predated the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, they were able to prove that $$\lim _{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{n} \sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\left(\frac{k}{n}\right)^{p}=\frac{1}{p+1}$$ Use what you know about Riemann sums and integrals to verify this limit.
Showing that \(\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{k^{2}}=\frac{\pi^{2}}{6}
\operatorname{In} 1734,\) Leonhard Euler informally
proved that \(\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{k^{2}}=\frac{\pi^{2}}{6} .\) An
elegant proof is outlined here that uses the inequality
$$
\cot ^{2} x<\frac{1}{x^{2}}<1+\cot ^{2} x\left(\text { provided that }
0
A glimpse ahead to power series Use the Ratio Test to determine the values of \(x \geq 0\) for which each series converges. $$\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{x^{k}}{2^{k}}$$
Use Exercise 89 to determine how many terms of each series are needed so that the partial sum is within \(10^{-6}\) of the value of the series (that is, to ensure \(R_{n}<10^{-6}\) ). a. \(\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} 0.6^{k}\) b. \(\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} 0.15^{k}\)
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