Chapter 7: Problem 4
Is a reduction formula an analytical method or a numerical method? Explain.
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Chapter 7: Problem 4
Is a reduction formula an analytical method or a numerical method? Explain.
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Circumference of a circle Use calculus to find the circumference of a circle with radius \(a.\)
Bob and Bruce bake bagels (shaped like tori). They both make standard bagels that have an inner radius of 0.5 in and an outer radius of 2.5 in. Bob plans to increase the volume of his bagels by decreasing the inner radius by \(20 \%\) (leaving the outer radius unchanged). Bruce plans to increase the volume of his bagels by increasing the outer radius by \(20 \%\) (leaving the inner radius unchanged). Whose new bagels will have the greater volume? Does this result depend on the size of the original bagels? Explain.
An integrand with trigonometric functions in the numerator and denominator can often be converted to a rational integrand using the substitution \(u=\tan (x / 2)\) or \(x=2 \tan ^{-1} u .\) The following relations are used in making this change of variables. $$A: d x=\frac{2}{1+u^{2}} d u \quad B: \sin x=\frac{2 u}{1+u^{2}} \quad C: \cos x=\frac{1-u^{2}}{1+u^{2}}$$ Verify relation \(A\) by differentiating \(x=2 \tan ^{-1} u\). Verify relations \(B\) and \(C\) using a right-triangle diagram and the double-angle formulas $$\sin x=2 \sin \left(\frac{x}{2}\right) \cos \left(\frac{x}{2}\right) \text { and } \cos x=2 \cos ^{2}\left(\frac{x}{2}\right)-1$$
Exact Simpson's Rule Prove that Simpson's Rule is exact (no error) when approximating the definite integral of a linear function and a quadratic function.
An integrand with trigonometric functions in the numerator and denominator can often be converted to a rational integrand using the substitution \(u=\tan (x / 2)\) or \(x=2 \tan ^{-1} u .\) The following relations are used in making this change of variables. $$A: d x=\frac{2}{1+u^{2}} d u \quad B: \sin x=\frac{2 u}{1+u^{2}} \quad C: \cos x=\frac{1-u^{2}}{1+u^{2}}$$ $$\text { Evaluate } \int \frac{d x}{1+\sin x}$$
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