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Acceleration is a physical quantity that describes how quickly an object's velocity changes over time. It indicates how much the object's velocity (its speed in a specific direction) increases or decreases at each point in time. If an object's acceleration is positive, its velocity is increasing; if its acceleration is negative, its velocity is decreasing.

Mathematically, acceleration (a) is defined as the rate of change of velocity (v) with respect to time (t). You can write the definition of acceleration using the following formula: a = \frac{∆v}{∆t} where ∆v represents the change in velocity and ∆t represents the change in time. The unit of acceleration is usually meters per second squared (m/s^2).

When an object is moving in a straight line, its acceleration is either in the same direction as its motion (positive acceleration) or opposite to its motion (negative acceleration - also called deceleration). Acceleration in a straight line can be caused by various forces such as gravity, friction, or applied forces. To define the acceleration of an object moving in a straight line, first determine the initial velocity of the object (v1) and its final velocity (v2) at the end of a given time interval (t). Then, use the formula mentioned in Step 2 to calculate the acceleration and record it with a positive or negative value, depending on whether the object's velocity increased or decreased during the time interval.