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Let \(n(p, s)\) be the number of skiers on a Saturday at a ski resort in Utah when \(p\) dollars is the price of an all-day lift ticket and \(s\) is the number of inches of fresh snow received since the previous Saturday. a. Interpret \(\left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial s}\right|_{p=25}\) Is \(\left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial s}\right|_{p=25}\) positive or negative? Explain. b. Interpret \(\left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial p}\right|_{s=6}\) Is \(\left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial p}\right|_{s=6}\) positive or negative? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
\(\left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial s}\right|_{p=25}\) is positive; \(\left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial p}\right|_{s=6}\) is negative.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Question

The problem involves two partial derivatives, \( \left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial s}\right|_{p=25} \) and \( \left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial p}\right|_{s=6} \). These derivatives represent how the number of skiers, \( n \), changes with respect to snow inches, \( s \), and ticket price, \( p \), respectively, while holding the other variable constant.
02

Interpreting \(\left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial s}\right|_{p=25} \)

This derivative indicates the change in the number of skiers as the inches of fresh snow \( s \) increases by one unit, with the ticket price \( p \) fixed at $25. Usually, more snow would attract more skiers, so it is likely that \( \left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial s}\right|_{p=25} \) is positive.
03

Reasoning for Positivity of \(\left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial s}\right|_{p=25} \)

In ski resorts, additional fresh snow is often an attraction, as it enhances the skiing experience. Therefore, an increase in \( s \) typically leads to an increase in \( n \), suggesting \( \left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial s}\right|_{p=25} > 0 \).
04

Interpreting \(\left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial p}\right|_{s=6} \)

This derivative measures the change in the number of skiers when the price of an all-day lift ticket \( p \) increases by one dollar, keeping the inches of snow \( s \) constant at 6. Generally, an increase in price tends to decrease the consumer base, so \( \left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial p}\right|_{s=6} \) is probably negative.
05

Reasoning for Negativity of \(\left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial p}\right|_{s=6} \)

As prices go up, fewer skiers may be willing or able to afford the tickets, leading to a decrease in \( n \). Therefore, \( \left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial p}\right|_{s=6} < 0 \) is expected.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Understanding Ski Resort Attendance
Ski resort attendance is influenced by multiple factors including weather conditions, snow levels, and ticket pricing. Understanding how these elements interact helps us estimate the number of visitors at a ski resort. In this context, we consider the function \( n(p, s) \) to represent the number of skiers. Here, \( p \) is the price of an all-day lift ticket measured in dollars, and \( s \) is the number of inches of fresh snow received since the previous Saturday. These variables are key in determining attendance levels.

When analyzing such a function, we often use calculus, specifically partial derivatives, to understand how changing one factor influences the attendance while keeping others constant. For ski resorts, fresh snowfall generally makes the slopes more attractive for skiing, potentially increasing the number of visitors. Prices, on the other hand, could affect affordability and thus attendance. Let's dive deeper into these effects.
Impact of Snow on Ski Resort Attendance
The impact of snow on ski resort attendance is crucial. Fresh snow enhances the skiing experience, making slopes more appealing to both seasoned and beginner skiers.

When evaluating the partial derivative \( \left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial s}\right|_{p=25} \), we're assessing how a change in snow inches, \( s \), affects the number of skiers, \( n \), while keeping the lift ticket price constant at \$25. Typically, an increase in snow depth results in an increase in attendance, since more snow means better skiing conditions. Therefore, \( \left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial s}\right|_{p=25} \) is expected to be positive.

Skiers are often excited by reports of fresh powder, which suggests new layers of soft, loose snow that enhance the skiing experience. Thus, resorts often see a surge in attendance following heavy snowfall. This is a classic example of how external conditions can significantly impact business metrics like attendance.
Effect of Pricing on Ski Resort Attendance
Pricing strategies play a pivotal role in determining how many skiers visit a resort. It's a balancing act between setting a price point that maximizes revenue while remaining attractive to potential customers.

By examining the partial derivative \( \left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial p}\right|_{s=6} \), we consider how a change in the ticket price, \( p \), influences the number of skiers, \( n \), with a constant snowfall of 6 inches. Generally, as prices increase, the number of skiers decreases. This means \( \left.\frac{\partial n}{\partial p}\right|_{s=6} \) is typically negative.

High costs can deter potential visitors, especially those budget-conscious consumers weighing the cost against expected enjoyment and value. Ski resorts must therefore strategically price their tickets, considering both operational costs and competitive pricing in the region. By finding a sweet spot in pricing, resorts can maintain or increase their attendance even amidst fluctuating weather conditions.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

For Activities 9 through \(16,\) write formulas for the indicated partial derivatives for each of the multivariable functions. \(k(x, y)=x \ln (x+y)\) a. \(\frac{\partial k}{\partial x}\) b. \(\frac{\partial k}{\partial y}\) c. \(\left.\frac{\partial k}{\partial y}\right|_{x=3}\) d. \(\left.\frac{\partial k}{\partial y}\right|_{(x, y)=(3,2)}\)

Price Index In \(1986,\) Cotterill developed a model for measuring the performance of supermarkets by considering their price index level. The price index level was an aggregate of 121 representative prices. The lowest-price supermarket was assigned a price index of 100 . According to the Cotterill study, the price index level of an independent supermarket can be modeled as $$ \begin{aligned} P(c, d, p, s)=& 109.168-0.730 s+0.027 s^{2} \\ &+0.002 d-0.041 p+0.175 c \end{aligned} $$ where the supermarket has \(s\) thousand square feet of sales space and is \(d\) miles from the warehouse, and the consumer base grew by \(p\) thousand people in 10 years and had a per capita income of \(c\) thousand dollars. Assume that the distance from a supermarket to its distribution warehouse is 100 miles and that the consumer base grew by 10,000 people in 10 years. (Source: \(\mathrm{P}\). G. Helmberger and \(\mathrm{J}\). P. Chavas, The Economics of Agricultural Prices, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1996 ) a. Write an equation for \(P(c, s)=P(c, 100,10, s)\). b. Draw the 110 contour curve for \(P(c, s)\) for supermarkets containing between 5000 and 25,000 square feet of sales space.

Write a formula for the indicated rate of change. $$ S(c, k)=c\left(39^{k}\right) ; \frac{d c}{d k} $$

a. Calculate the output associated with the given input values. b. Approximate the change needed in one input variable to compensate for the given change in the other input variable. $$ \begin{array}{l} f(h, k)=\left(32 h^{3}+15 h^{2}-10 h+47\right) \cdot(43 k+15) \\ \text { when } h=4.2, k=3.7, \text { and } \Delta k=0.6 \end{array} $$

Forage Consumption The amount of organic matter that one beef cow grazing on the Northern Great Plains rangeland eats can be modeled as $$ \begin{aligned} I(s, m)=8.62 &-1.24 s+0.09 s^{2} \\ &-0.21 m+0.036 m^{2}+0.21 s m \end{aligned} $$ where output is measured in kilograms when the cow produces \(m\) kilograms of milk and \(s\) is a number between -4 and 4 that describes the size of the cow. (Source: E. E. Grings et al., "Efficiency of Production in Cattle of Two Growth Potentials on Northern Great Plains Rangelands during Spring-Summer Grazing," Journal of Food Science, vol. \(74,\) $$ \text { no. } 10(1996), \text { pp. } 2317-2326) $$ a. Explain why it makes sense that both \(\frac{\partial I}{\partial s}\) and \(\frac{\partial I}{\partial m}\) are positive. b. Write functions for \(\frac{\partial I}{\partial s}\) and \(\frac{\partial I}{\partial m}\). c. When a cow is of size 2 and produces \(6 \mathrm{~kg}\) of milk how quickly is the amount of organic matter consumed by the cow changing as its milk production increases? d. When a cow is of size 2 and produces \(6 \mathrm{~kg}\) of milk how quickly is the amount of organic matter consumed by the cow changing as its size increases?

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