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In Exercises find \(d y / d x\). $$y=\frac{e^{x}-e^{-x}}{e^{x}+e^{-x}}$$

Short Answer

Expert verified
\( \frac{4}{(e^{x} + e^{-x})^2} \)

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Rule

The function given is a quotient: \( y = \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{e^{x} + e^{-x}} \). We will use the Quotient Rule for differentiation, which is: \( \frac{d}{dx} \left( \frac{u}{v} \right) = \frac{v u' - u v'}{v^2} \). Here, \( u = e^{x} - e^{-x} \) and \( v = e^{x} + e^{-x} \).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Quotient Rule
When dealing with calculus and differentiation, understanding the Quoient Rule is essential, especially for functions where one function is divided by another. The Quotient Rule provides a systematic way to find the derivative of a fraction of two differentiable functions. Here's the formula for the Quotient Rule:\[ \frac{d}{dx} \left( \frac{u}{v} \right) = \frac{v u' - u v'}{v^2} \]In this formula:- \( u \) is the numerator function.- \( v \) is the denominator function.- \( u' \) is the derivative of \( u \).- \( v' \) is the derivative of \( v \).We use this formula because it helps us understand how the rates of change of \( u \) and \( v \) interact when we divide them. Applying it correctly requires careful differentiation of both \( u \) and \( v \), followed by substitution into the formula. Remember to simplify the result if possible to make it more interpretable. In the original problem where \( y = \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{e^{x} + e^{-x}} \), applying the Quotient Rule accurately will give us the derivative \( \frac{dy}{dx} \).
Exponential Function
Exponential functions are a fundamental part of mathematics, particularly in calculus. An exponential function is of the form \( e^x \), where \( e \) is the base of natural logarithms, approximately equal to 2.718. Exponential functions are unique because their rate of growth is proportional to their current value, which results in very rapid changes. In differentiation, an attractive property of exponential functions is that the derivative of \( e^x \) is simply \( e^x \). This means these functions are quite straightforward to work with in calculus. It also makes them widely applicable in real-world problems involving growth and decay, such as population dynamics or radioactive decay.In the given expression \( y=\frac{e^{x}-e^{-x}}{e^{x}+e^{-x}} \), we have exponential terms both in the numerator and the denominator, emphasizing the importance of understanding the behavior and differentiation of exponential functions.
Derivative Calculation
Calculating derivatives is a core skill in calculus, namely because derivatives help us understand how a function changes at any given point. In the given problem, we need to compute the derivative of a quotient of exponential functions.To start, identify and differentiate the individual components of the quotient:- For \( u = e^x - e^{-x} \), the derivative \( u' \) is \( e^x + e^{-x} \), since the derivative of \( -e^{-x} \) is \( +e^{-x} \) (derivative changes sign because of the negative exponent).- For \( v = e^x + e^{-x} \), the derivative \( v' \) is also \( e^x - e^{-x} \).Now, apply the Quotient Rule:\[ \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{(e^{x}+e^{-x})(e^{x}-e^{-x}) - (e^{x}-e^{-x})(e^{x}+e^{-x})}{(e^{x}+e^{-x})^2} \]Though this looks complex, upon simplification, many terms will cancel out, leading to a much simpler expression. This typical pattern in calculus highlights how initially complex derivatives can often simplify into elegant solutions. Remember, each step should be checked carefully to ensure accuracy of the derivative calculation.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The acidity of a substance is measured by its pH value. which is defined by the formula $$ \mathrm{pH}=-\log \left|H^{+}\right| $$ where the symbol \(\left[H^{+}\right]\) denotes the concentration of hydrogen ions measured in moles per liter. Distilled water has a pH of 7 : a substance is called acidic if it has \(\mathrm{pH}<7\) and basic if it has \(\mathrm{pH}>7 .\) Find the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of each of the following substances and state whether it is acidic or basic. $$\begin{array}{lll}\hline & \text { SURSTANCE } & {\left[H^{+}\right]} \\\ \hline \text { (a) } & \text { Arterial blood } & 3.9 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{mol} / \mathrm{L} \\ \text { (b) } & \text { Tomatoes } & 6.3 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{mol} / \mathrm{L} \\ \text { (c) } & \text { Milk } & 4.0 \times 10^{-7} \mathrm{mol} / \mathrm{L} \\ \text { (d) } & \text { Colfee } & 1.2 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{mol} / \mathrm{L} \\ \hline \end{array}$$

A point \(P\) is moving along the line whose equation is \(y=2 x .\) How fast is the distance between \(P\) and the point (3.0) changing at the instant when \(P\) is at (3,6) if \(x\) is decreasing at the rate of 2 units/s at that instant?

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Find the limit. $$\lim _{x \rightarrow 0}\left(\frac{1}{x^{2}}-\frac{\cos 3 x}{x^{2}}\right)$$

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