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Examples: Construct examples of the thing(s) described in the following. Try to find examples that are different than any in the reading.

(a) Two nonzero vectors uand vin 3such that uv=vu.

(b) Three vectors u,v, and win 3such that (uv)wu(vw).

(c) Three vectors u,v, and win 3such that (uv)w=u(vw).

Short Answer

Expert verified

Ans:

Part (a). The non-zero vectors u=1,2,0and v=2,4,0the equation uv=vu

Part (b). Vectors u=2,1,-3,v=4,0,1andw=-2,6,5the result (uv)wu(vw).

Part (c). Vectors u=1,2,0,v=2,4,0and w=4,8,0the result (uv)w=u(vw).

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Given Information:

The non-zero vectors uand v.

02

Step 2. Solving part (a).

The non-zero vectors u=1,2,0and v=2,4,0.

The cross-product uvgives:

role="math" localid="1650771821570" uv=detijk240120=0i-0j-0k

The cross-product vugives:

role="math" localid="1650771829212" vu=detijk240120=0i-0j-0k

Therefore, the cross-products uvand vuare equal.

Thus, for the non-zero vectors u=1,2,0and v=2,4,0the equation uv=vu holds.

03

Step 3. Solving part (b). 

The non-zero vectors u,vand w.

The vectors u=2,1,-3,v=4,0,1and w=-2,6,5.

The vectors u=2,1,-3, and v=4,0,1.

uv=ijk21-3401

Now, calculate, uv.

uv=ijk21-3401=i(1-0)-j(2+12)+k(0-4)=i-14j-4k

Hence, the value of uvis i-14j-4k

04

Step 4. Continue:

Now, calculate (uv)w

(uv)w=ijk1-14-4-265=i(-70+24)-j(5-8)+k(6-28)=-46i+3j-22k

Hence, the value of (uv)wis -46i+3j-22k.

Consider vectors v=4,0,1and w=-2,6,5

vw=ijk401-265

Now, calculate, vw.

vw=ijk401-265=-6i-22j+24k

Hence, the value ofvwis -6i-22j+24k.

05

Step 5. Continue:

Now, calculate u(vw)

u(vw)=ijk21-3-6-2224=i(24-66)-j(48-18)+k(-44+6)=-42i-30j-38k

Hence, the value of u(vw)is -42i-30j-38k.

Therefore, for the vectorsu=2,1,-3,v=4,0,1and w=-2,6,5the result (uv)wu(vw) holds.

06

Step 6. Solving part (b). 

The vectors u,vand w.

Consider the vectors u=1,2,0,v=2,4,0and w=4,8,0.

Consider the vectors u=1,2,0and v=2,4,0.

uv=ijk120240=0i+0j+0k

Now, calculate (uv)w

(uv)w=ijk000-265=0i+0j+0k

Hence, the value of (uv)wis0i+0j+0k.

07

Step 7. Continue:

Consider vectors v=2,4,0and w=4,8,0

vw=ijk240480=0i+0j+0k

Hence, the value of vwis 0i+0j+0k.

Now, calculate u(vw)

u(vw)=ijk120000=0i+0j+0k

Hence, the value of u(vw)is 0i+0j+0k.

Therefore, for the vectors u=1,2,0,v=2,4,0and w=4,8,0the result (uv)w=u(vw) holds.

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