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Let akbe a sequence of positive terms. Prove Theorem 7.6 (b) along with the following variations:

(a) Show that when ak+1ak≥1≥ 1 for every k ≥ 1, the sequence is increasing.

(b) Show that when localid="1649277252156" ak+1ak>1for every k ≥ 1, the sequence is strictly increasing.

(c) Show that when localid="1649277261045" ak+1ak≤1for every k ≥ 1, the sequence is decreasing.

(d) Show that when localid="1649277269413" ak+1ak<1for every k ≥ 1, the sequence is strictly decreasing.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Proved.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Given

Let akbe a sequence of positive terms.

02

Part (a) Step 2. Explanation

Since,ak+1ak≥1,nowallthetermsofthesequencearepositive,thereforeakisalsopositive.Now,multiplytheinequalityak+1ak≥1withak.Thesignoftheinequalitywillnotchangeasakispositive.Now,ak+1ak(ak)≥(ak)ak+1≥akfork≥1Hence,bedefinitionthesequenceisincreasingsequence.

03

Part (b) Step 3. Explanation

Since,ak+1ak>1,nowallthetermsofthesequencearepositive,thereforeakisalsopositive.Now,multiplytheinequalityak+1ak>1withak.Thesignoftheinequalitywillnotchangeasakispositive.Now,ak+1ak(ak)>(ak)ak+1>akfork≥1Hence,bedefinitionthesequenceisStrictlyincreasingsequence.

04

Part(c) Step 4. Explanation

Since,ak+1ak≤1,nowallthetermsofthesequencearepositive,thereforeakisalsopositive.Now,multiplytheinequalityak+1ak≤1withak.Thesignoftheinequalitywillnotchangeasakispositive.Now,ak+1ak(ak)≤(ak)ak+1≤akfork≥1Hence,bedefinitionthesequenceisdecreasingsequence.

05

Part (d) Step 5. Explanation

Since,ak+1ak<1,nowallthetermsofthesequencearepositive,thereforeakisalsopositive.Now,multiplytheinequalityak+1ak<1withak.Thesignoftheinequalitywillnotchangeasakispositive.Now,ak+1ak(ak)<(ak)ak+1<akfork≥1Hence,bedefinitionthesequenceisstrictlydecreasingsequence.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

True/False:

Determine whether each of the statements that follow is true or false. If a statement is true, explain why. If a statement is false, provide a counterexample.

(a) True or False: If ak→0, then ∑k=1∞akconverges.

(b) True or False: If ∑k=1∞akconverges, then ak→0.

(c) True or False: The improper integral ∫1∞f(x)dxconverges if and only if the series ∑k=1∞f(k)converges.

(d) True or False: The harmonic series converges.

(e) True or False: If p>1, the series ∑k=1∞k-pconverges.

(f) True or False: If f(x)→0as x→∞, then ∑k=1∞f(k) converges.

(g) True or False: If ∑k=1∞f(k)converges, then f(x)→0as x→∞.

(h) True or False: If ∑k=1∞ak=Land {Sn}is the sequence of partial sums for the series, then the sequence of remainders {L-Sn}converges to 0.

Find the values of x for which the series ∑k=0∞cosx2kconverges.

Use the divergence test to analyze the given series. Each answer should either be the series diverges or the divergence test fails, along with the reason for your answer.

∑k=1∞k3k2+100

What is the contrapositive of the implication “If A, then B"?

Find the contrapositives of the following implications:

If a divides b and b dividesc, then a divides c.

Explain why the integral test may be used to analyze the given series and then use the test to determine whether the series converges or diverges.

∑k=3∞ 1(k−2)2

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