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91Ó°ÊÓ

Extrema:Findthelocalmaxima,localminima,andsaddlepointsofthegivenfunctionsf(x,y)=x4+y4+4xy

Short Answer

Expert verified

Criticalpointare(0,0),(1,-1),(-1,1).

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Given 

The given function isf(x,y)=x4+y4+4xy

02

Step 2. Calculating saddle point .

Givenfunctionisf(x,y)=x4+y4+4xy,whichisapolynomialandhencedifferentiable.Thegradientofthisfunctionis∇f(x,y)=∂f∂xi+∂f∂yj=(4x3+4y)i+(4y3+4x)jAtthecriticalpointsthegradientofafunctionvanishes,thatis∇f(x,y)=0.fromtheabovethecriticalpointsaregivenby4x3+4y=0...(1)and4y3+4x=0.....(2)from(1)y=-x3,usein(2)gives4(-x3)3+4x=0⇒x-x9=0simplifying⇒x(1-x)(1+x)(1+x2+x4+x6)=0factorisingSo,thevaluesofxarex=0,1,-1whenx=0,y=0whenx=1,y=-1whenx=-1,y=1Solvingthese,criticalpointas(0,0),(1,-1),(-1,1).

03

. Finding maxima and minima .

Nowthesecondorderderivativesofthegivenfunctionare∂2f∂x2=12x2,∂2f∂y2=12y2,∂2f∂y∂x=4.HencethediscriminateofthegivenfunctionisHf(x,y)=∂2f∂x2∂2f∂y2-(∂2f∂y∂x)2=(12x2)(12y2)-(4)2=144x2y2-16.At(0,0),Hf(0,0)=-16<0Sothecriticalpoint(0,0)isasaddlepoint.At(1,-1),Hf(1,-1)=128>0alsoat(1,-1)∂2f∂x2=12>0,∂2f∂y2=12>0Thereforethecriticalpointis1,-1islocalminima.At(-1,1),Hf(-1,1)=128>0alsoat(-1,1)∂2f∂x2=12>0,∂2f∂y2=12>0Thereforethecriticalpointis(-1,1)islocalminima.

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