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For each function f and interval [a, b] in Exercises 34–38, it is possible to find the exact signed area between the graph of f and the x-axis on [a, b] geometrically by using the areas of circles,

triangles, and rectangles. Find this exact area, and then calculate the left, right, midpoint, upper, lower, and trapezoid sums with n = 4. Which approximation rule is most accurate?

fx=3+4-x2,a,b=-2,2

Short Answer

Expert verified

The actual area of the semicircle is 21 square units

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Given Information

The given function is fx=3+4-x2,a,b=-2,2

The function shows semicircle 3 units above from origin

02

Step 2. Finding area of semicircle

The semicircle has 16 full square and 10 partial square.

So, area is16+12×10=21square units.

03

Step 2. Left Sum

∆x=b-an=2+24=1xk=a+k∆x=-2+kxk-1=-2+k-1=-3+k

fxk-1=3+4-k-32

The left sum=∑k=1nfxk-1∆x

=∑k=143+4-k-32=17.46

04

Step 4. Right Sum

The Right sum is

=∑k=1nfxk∆x

=∑k=143+4-k-22=17.46

05

Step 5. Midpoint sum

xk-1+xk2=k-2+k-32=2k-52

f2k-52=3+4-2k-522

The midpoint sum is

=∑k=14f2k-52∆x=∑k=143+4-2k-522=16.88

06

Step 6. Upper sum

The upper sum is

∑k=1nfMk∆x

f-1∆x+f0∆x+f1∆x+f2∆x=4.73+5+4.73+3=17.46

07

Step 7. Lower Sum

The lower sum is

∑k=1nfmk∆x

f-2∆x+f-1∆x+f0∆x+f1∆x=3+4.73+5+4.73=17.46

08

Step 8. Trapezoid Sum

fxk-1+fxk2=3+4-k-32+3+4-k-222

The midpoint sum is

∑k=143+4-k-32+3+4-k-222∆x=27+3

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