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Foreachfunctionfandinterval[a,b]inExercises34–38,itispossibletofindtheexactsignedareabetweenthegraphoffandthex-axison[a,b]geometricallybyusingtheareasofcircles,triangles,andrectangles.Findthisexactarea,andthencalculatetheleft,right,midpoint,upper,lower,andtrapezoidsumswithn=4.Whichapproximationruleismostaccurate?f(x)=3x+1,[a,b]=[3,5].

Short Answer

Expert verified

left-sum = 24.5, right-sum= 27.5 , trapezoid sum = 26.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Given information is .

Thefunctionisf(x)=3x+1andtheintervalis[a,b]=[3,5].

02

. Finding area .

03

Step 3. Calculation the exact sum .

Enterthefunction(3x+5,X,3,5)PressENTERThedisplayisshownbelow,

Therefore ,the exact sum is26.

04

Step 4. Calculating left- sum .

Theleft-sumdefinedfornrectangleson[a,b]is∑k=1nf(xk-1)∆x.Where,∆x=b-an,xk=a+k∆x.Now,∆x=5-34=12.So,xk=3+k(12)=6+k2.Intheleftsum,xk-1,istheleftmostpointintheinterval[xk-1,xk].So,xk=5+k2.Theleftsumis,∑k=1435+k2+112=12∑k=1417+3k2=1217+32+17+62+17+92+17+122=24.5Therefore,theleftsumis24.5.

05

Step 5. Calculating the right-sum .

TheRight-sumdefinedfornrectangleson[a,b]is∑k=1nf(xk)∆x.Where,∆x=b-an,xk=a+k∆x.Now,∆x=5-34=12.So,xk=3+k(12)=6+k2.Therightsumis,∑k=1436+k2+112=12∑k=1420+3k2=1220+32+20+62+20+92+20+122=27.5Therefore,therightsumis27.5.

06

Step 6. Calculating trapezoid sum .

Thetrapezoidsumis,24.5+27.52=26.Therefore,thetrapezoidsumis26.

07

Step 7. Calculating midpoint sum .

Themidpointsumdefinedfornrectangleson[a,b]is∑k=1nf(xk*)∆x.Where,∆x=b-an,xk*=xk-1+xk2.Now,themidpointtermisxk*=k+62+k+522=2k+114.Themidpointsumis,∑k=14311+2k2+112=12∑k=1435+6k4=1235+62+35+122+35+182+35+242=26Therefore,themidpointsumis26.

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