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Basic operations in arithmetic are the foundation of all math problems. There are four primary operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In this exercise, we focus on addition.

Understanding these basic operations is crucial for simplifying expressions and solving equations. Here, the operation of addition involves combining numbers to get their total. For example, adding 6 and 4 results in 10. This is the same process we use in the given exercise to simplify the expression inside the parentheses first, helping us move forward with the problem.

Parentheses are symbols used in mathematics to group parts of an expression. This grouping indicates which operations should be performed first. This is essential in following the order of operations, also known as the BIDMAS/BODMAS rules (Brackets, Orders, Division and Multiplication, Addition and Subtraction).

In our example, we have the expression: 12 + (6 + 4). The parentheses tell us to first solve whatever is inside them before carrying out any other operations. So, we start with the calculation inside the parentheses: 6 + 4, getting 10 as the result. We then replace the whole (6 + 4) with the number 10. This simplifies our problem to 12 + 10, making it much easier to solve.

Addition is the process of finding the sum of two or more numbers. This is one of the most basic and frequently used operations in mathematics.

When adding numbers, it's important to align them properly, ensuring that the units are in the correct column. This exercise demonstrates a simpler addition problem, where we add two whole numbers. After simplifying the expression within the parentheses, we are left with 12 + 10. Adding these two numbers together, we get 22.

Always remember, the order of combining numbers doesn't change their sum due to the commutative property of addition. For example, 12 + 10 is the same as 10 + 12. Addition is straightforward but fundamental to many more complex math problems you'll encounter.