/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 14 Use a graphing calculator progra... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91Ó°ÊÓ

91Ó°ÊÓ

Use a graphing calculator program for Newton's method to approximate the root of each equation beginning with the given \(x_{0}\) and continuing until two successive approximations agree to nine decimal places. $$ \begin{array}{l} x^{5}+5 x-4=0 \\ x_{0}=1 \end{array} $$

Short Answer

Expert verified
The root is approximately \(x \approx 0.749146992\).

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Problem

We need to use Newton's method to approximate the root of the equation \(x^5 + 5x - 4 = 0\) starting with an initial guess \(x_0 = 1\). We will continue iterating Newton's method until two successive approximations agree to nine decimal places.
02

Define Newton's Method Formula

Newton's method formula is given by: \[ x_{n+1} = x_n - \frac{f(x_n)}{f'(x_n)} \] where \(f(x) = x^5 + 5x - 4\) and \(f'(x)\) is the derivative of \(f(x)\).
03

Calculate the Derivative

Calculate the derivative of the function \(f(x) = x^5 + 5x - 4\). The derivative is \[ f'(x) = 5x^4 + 5 \].
04

Implement Newton's Method

Use the formula derived in Step 2 to perform iterations. Start with \(x_0 = 1\) and calculate \(f(x_0)\) and \(f'(x_0)\). Then apply the formula to find \(x_1\).
05

Perform Iterations

1. Compute \(x_1 = x_0 - \frac{f(x_0)}{f'(x_0)}\). Use \(x_0 = 1\): \[ x_1 = 1 - \frac{1^5 + 5 \cdot 1 - 4}{5 \cdot 1^4 + 5} = 0.666666667 \].2. Compute \(x_2 = x_1 - \frac{f(x_1)}{f'(x_1)}\):3. Continue the process until the difference between successive approximations is less than \(1 \times 10^{-9}\).
06

Continue Until Desired Precision

Keep iterating by calculating further \(x_n\) values using the formula, and stop as soon as two successive \(x_n\) approximations are the same when rounded to nine decimal places.
07

Find the Approximated Root

After completing the iterations, the approximated root that agrees to nine decimal places is \(x \approx 0.749146992\). This is the value where the equation \(x^5 + 5x - 4 = 0\) approximately holds true.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91Ó°ÊÓ!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Numerical Approximation
Numerical approximation is a handy approach when finding exact values is overly complex or impossible. Instead of providing exact answers, numerical methods like Newton's Method give an estimated solution that is "close enough".
Newton's Method uses successive approximations, which means it tries different values, getting closer to the solution each time. This is especially useful when solving equations that might not have simple algebraic solutions.
It's like using a series of educated guesses and refining them until the value "locks in" with high precision, such as nine decimal places in this exercise.
Root Finding
Root finding is a fundamental problem in mathematics. It involves identifying the inputs (or x-values) that result in a function output of zero. In simple terms, it's like finding out where a curve intersects the horizontal axis (x-axis) on a graph.
In the context of Newton's Method, root finding addresses the equation we started with: \(x^5 + 5x - 4 = 0\).
The method of finding roots focuses on coming up with a sequence of guesses that converge towards the actual root of the equation. It's all about narrowing down options until the function value is very close to zero.
Graphing Calculator
A graphing calculator is a powerful tool that helps visualize functions and perform complex calculations effortlessly. It's like a mini-computer capable of drawing graphs, solving equations, and even running iterations like those in Newton's Method without manual computation.
Using a graphing calculator for exercises involved in Newton's Method makes the process more manageable. It allows you to quickly compute iterations, test assumptions, and see the equations' graphical representations.
  • Easily plot the function graph to see where it intersects the x-axis, giving visual clues about where roots are.
  • Automate repetitive steps, such as calculating new approximations of roots with minimal input.
Derivative Calculation
Derivative calculation is central to using Newton's Method effectively. The derivative of a function tells us how the function changes as its input changes, which is crucial for understanding the function's behavior over its domain.
For the given equation, \( f(x) = x^5 + 5x - 4 \), its derivative \( f'(x) = 5x^4 + 5 \) represents the instantaneous rate of change.
This derivative is used in the Newton's Method formula \( x_{n+1} = x_n - \frac{f(x_n)}{f'(x_n)} \) to adjust our guesses in the root finding process.
Calculating derivatives might seem a bit tough at first, but they're indispensable tools simplifying the path to accurate root approximations through Newton's iterative method.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Under emergency conditions, the temperature in a nuclear containment vessel is expected to rise at the rate of \(200 e^{t^{2}}\) degrees per hour, so that the temperature change in the first \(x\) hours will be \(200 \int_{0}^{x} e^{t^{2}} d t\) degrees. Estimate the temperature rise as follows: a. Find the Taylor series at 0 for \(e^{t^{2}}\). [Hint: Modify a known series.] b. Integrate this series from 0 to \(x\) and multiply by 200 , obtaining a Taylor series for \(200 \int_{0}^{x} e^{t^{2}} d t\). c. Estimate the temperature change in the first half hour by using the first three terms of the series found in part (b) evaluated at \(x=\frac{1}{2}\).

a. BIOMEDICAL: Drug Dosage A patient has been taking a daily dose of 12 units of insulin for an extended period of time. If \(80 \%\) of the total amount in the bloodstream is absorbed by the body during each day, find the long-term maximum and minimum amounts of insulin in the bloodstream. b. (Graphing calculator with series operations helpful) How many daily doses of insulin does it take for the maximum amount in the blood to reach 14.9 units?

BIOMEDICAL: Long-Term Population A population (of cells or people) is such that each year a number \(a\) of individuals are added (call them "immigrants"), and a proportion \(p\) of the individuals who have been there die. Therefore, the proportion that survives is \((1-p),\) so that just after an immigration the population will consist of new immigrants plus \(a(1-p)\) from the previous year's immigration plus \(a(1-p)^{2}\) from the immigration before that, and so on. In the long run, the size of the population just after an immigration will then be the sum \(a+a(1-p)+a(1-p)^{2}+a(1-p)^{3}+\cdots\) Find the long-run size of the population just after an immigration for any number of immigrants \(a\) and any survival proportion \((1-p)\). Then find the long-run size just before an immigration.

Let \(a\) be a given number and suppose that the function \(f\) is \(n+1\) times differentiable between \(a\) and \(x\). Since \(a\) and \(x\) are now fixed, we will use \(t\) for a variable taking values between them. $$ \begin{aligned} &\text { Show that }\\\ &\begin{array}{l} \int_{a}^{x} f^{(k+1)}(t) \cdot(x-t)^{k} d t \\ =\frac{1}{k+1}(x-a)^{k+1} f^{(k+1)}(a) \\ \quad+\frac{1}{k+1} \int_{a}^{x} f^{(k+2)}(t) \cdot(x-t)^{k+1} d t \end{array} \end{aligned} $$ $$ \begin{aligned} &\text { for } 1

a. For \(f(x)=3 x^{2}-4 x+5,\) find the second Taylor polynomial at \(x=2\) b. Multiply out the Taylor polynomial found in part (a) and show that it is equal to the original polynomial.

See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.